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- Successional processes ultimately determine and define carbon accumulations in forested ecosystems. Although primary succession on wholly new substrate occurs across the globe, secondary succession, often following storm events or anthropogenic disturbance, is more common and is capable of globally significant accumulations of carbon (C) at a time when offsets to anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are critically needed. In Hawai'i, prior studies have investigated ecosystem development during primary succession on lava flows, including estimates of C mass accumulation. Yet...AuthorsFlint F. Hughes, Dennis Grossman, Travis Sowards, Jonathan D. Marshall, Dieter Mueller‐DomboisKeywordsSourceEcological Applications. 32(4): e2539Year2022
- Drought is a growing threat to hydrological, ecological, agricultural, and socio-cultural systems of the tropics, especially tropical islands of the Pacific where severe droughts can compromise food and water security. Overcoming barriers to knowledge sharing between land managers and researchers is a critical cross-sector strategy for engaging and mitigating or adapting to drought. Here we describe the establishment and functioning of the Pacific Drought Knowledge Exchange (PDKE), which provides users with easier access to: (1) sector- and geography-specific climate information; (2)...AuthorsRyan J. Longman, Abby G. Frazier, Christian P. Giardina, Elliott W. Parsons, Sierra McDanielKeywordsSourceSustainability. 14(17): 10554Year2022
- •Tree size shapes forest carbon dynamics and determines how trees interact with their environment, including a changing climate. Here, we conduct the first global analysis of among-site differences in how aboveground biomass stocks and fluxes are distributed with tree size. •We analyzed repeat tree censuses from 25 large-scale (4–52 ha) forest plots spanning a broad climatic range over five continents to characterize how aboveground biomass, woody productivity, and woody mortality vary with tree diameter. We examined how the median, dispersion, and skewness of these size-related distributio...AuthorsCamille Piponiot, Kristina J. Anderson‐Teixeira, Stuart J. Davies, David Allen, Norman A. Bourg, David F. R. P. Burslem, Dairon Cárdenas, Chia‐Hao Chang‐Yang, George Chuyong, Susan Cordell, Handanakere Shivaramaiah Dattaraja, Álvaro Duque, Sisira Ediriweera, Corneille Ewango, Zacky Ezedin, Jonah Filip, Christian P. Giardina, Robert Howe, Chang‐Fu Hsieh, Stephen P. Hubbell, Faith M. Inman‐Narahari, Akira Itoh, David Janík, David Kenfack, Kamil Král, James A. Lutz, Jean‐Remy Makana, Sean M. McMahon, William McShea, Xiangcheng Mi, Mohizah Bt. Mohamad, Vojtěch Novotný, Michael J. O'Brien, Rebecca Ostertag, Geoffrey Parker, Rolando Pérez, Haibao Ren, Glen Reynolds, Mohamad Danial Md Sabri, Lawren Sack, Ankur Shringi, Sheng‐Hsin Su, Raman Sukumar, I‐Fang Sun, Hebbalalu S. Suresh, Duncan W. Thomas, Jill Thompson, Maria Uriarte, John Vandermeer, Yunquan Wang, Ian Ware, George D. Weiblen, Timothy J. S. Whitfeld, Amy Wolf, Tze Leong Yao, Mingjian Yu, Zuoqiang Yuan, Jess K. Zimmerman, Daniel Zuleta, Helene C. Muller‐LandauKeywordsSourceNew Phytologist. 234(5): 1664-1677Year2022
- Drought is a prominent feature of Hawaiʻi’s climate. However, it has been over 30 years since the last comprehensive meteorological drought analysis, and recent drying trends have emphasized the need to better understand drought dynamics and multi-sector effects in Hawaiʻi. Here, we provide a comprehensive synthesis of past drought effects in Hawaiʻi that we integrate with geospatial analysis of drought characteristics using a newly developed 100-year (1920–2019) gridded Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) dataset. The synthesis examines past droughts classified into five categories:...AuthorsAbby G. Frazier, Christian P. Giardina, Thomas W. Giambelluca, Laura Brewington, Yi-Leng Chen, Pao-Shin Chu, Lucas Berio Fortini, Danielle Hall, David A. Helweg, Victoria W. Keener, Ryan J. Longman, Matthew P. Lucas, Alan Mair, Delwyn S. Oki, Julian J. Reyes, Stephanie Yelenik, Clay TrauernichtKeywordsSourceSustainability. 14(19): 12023Year2022
- Insect herbivores play important roles in shaping many ecosystem processes, but how climate change will alter the effects of insect herbivory are poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we quantified for the first time how insect frass and cadavers affected leaf litter decomposition rates and nutrient release along a highly constrained 4.3°C mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient in a Hawaiian montane tropical wet forest. We constructed litterbags of standardized locally sourced leaf litter, with some amended with insect frass + cadavers to produce treatments designed to simulate...AuthorsBernice Hwang, Christian P. Giardina, Creighton M. Litton, Kainana S. Francisco, Cody Pacheco, Naneaikealaula Thomas, Tyler Uehara, Daniel B. MetcalfeKeywordsSourceEcology and Evolution. 12(9): 1225.Year2022
- Pantropical variation in soils of the tropical dry forest (TDF) biome is enormously high but has been poorly characterized. To quantify variation in the global distribution of TDF soil physical and chemical properties in relation to climate and geology, we produced a synthesis using 7500 points of data with gridded fields representing lithologic, edaphic, and climatic characteristics. Our analyses reveal that 75 TDF ecoregions across five biogeographic domains (Afrotropical, Australasian, Indo-Malayan, Neotropical, and Oceanian) varied strongly with respect to parent material: sediment...AuthorsAnaitzi Rivero-Villar, Marinés de la Peña-Domene, Gerardo Rodríguez-Tapia, Christian P. Giardina, Julio CampoKeywordsSourceSustainability. 14(11): 6803Year2022
- Urban forests provide ecosystem services to more than 4.2 billion people living in cities; however, the provision of these services is threatened by climate change. Cities will experience novel, warmer climates that will impact tree species survival. Here, we present an empirical approach combining the use of climate analogues and vulnerability metrics to guide urban tree species selection. Climate analogues can be used to identify where the current climate in a given location is similar to the projected future climate of another location. Using vulnerability metrics, tree species in both...AuthorsManuel Esperon-Rodriguez, Camilo Ordoñez, Natalie S. van Doorn, Andrew Hirons, Christian MessierKeywordsSourceLandscape and Urban Planning. 228(4): 104578Year2022
- Understanding how environmental adaptations mediate plant and ecosystem responses becomes increasingly important under accelerating global environmental change. Multi-stemmed trees, for example, differ in form and function from single-stemmed trees and may possess physiological advantages that allow for persistence during stressful climatic events such as extended drought. Following the worst drought in Hawaii in a century, we examined patterns of stem abundance and turnover in a Hawaiian lowland dry forest (LDF) and a montane wet forest (MWF) to investigate how multi-stemmed trees might...AuthorsIan Ware, Rebecca Ostertag, Susan Cordell, Christian P. Giardina, Lawren Sack, Camila D. Medeiros, Faith Inman, Creighton M. Litton, Thomas Giambelluca, Grace P. John, Christine ScoffoniSourceSustainability. 14(11): 6779Year2022
- Prescribed burning may induce erosion and change many physico-chemical properties of forest soils and these may vary with different burn severity conditions. Few studies have compared the effects of prescribed fires on rainsplash erosion and soil properties. Therefore, there is the need to better understand the variability of forest soils burned by prescribed fires with low and high severity under natural conditions. Rainsplash erosion, soil surface covers and physico-chemical properties of surface soil have been evaluated in the short term (15 months) in micro-plots of a burned pine...AuthorsManuel Esteban Lucas-Borja, Jorge de las Heras, Daniel Moya Navarro, Javier González-Romero, Esther Peña-Molina, Mehdi Navidi, Álvaro Fajardo-Cantos, Isabel Miralles Mellado, Pedro Antonio Plaza-Alvarez, Bruno Gianmarco Carrà, Joseph Wagenbrenner, Demetrio Antonio. ZemaKeywordsSourceJournal of Environmental Management. 322: 116143Year2022
- Each year, wildfires ravage the western U.S. and change the lives of millions of inhabitants. Situated in southern California, coastal Santa Barbara has witnessed devastating wildfires in the past decade, with nearly all ignitions started by humans. Therefore, estimating the risk imposed by unplanned ignitions in this fire-prone region will further increase resilience toward wildfires. Currently, a fire-risk map does not exist in this region. The main objective of this study is to provide a spatial analysis of regions at high risk of fast wildfire spread, particularly in the first two...AuthorsKatelyn Zigner, Leila M. V Carvalho, Charles Jones, John W. Benoit, Gert-Jan Duine, Dar Roberts, Francis M. Fujioka, Max Moritz, Nic Elmquist, Rob HazardKeywordsSourceFire. 5(5): 138Year2022