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- The Northwest region (Idaho, Oregon, and Washington; Figs. A3.1 and A3.2) contains major coastal and inland ports (Coos Bay, Lewiston, Pasco, Portland, Seattle-Tacoma, and The Dalles), waterways (Puget Sound, Columbia River Basin, and Willamette Valley), and major highway and rail arteries that provide pathways for invasive plants, pathogens, insects, and vertebrates.AuthorsSteven J. Seybold, Susan J. Frankel, Deanna H. Olson, Rebecca Flitcroft, Becky K. Kerns, Jana C. Lee, Karen L. Ripley, Steve MunsonSourceIn: Poland, Therese M.; Patel-Weynand, Toral; Finch, Deborah M.; Ford Miniat, Chelcy; Hayes, Deborah C.; Lopez, Vanessa M., eds. Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States: A Comprehensive Science Synthesis for the United States Forest Sector. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer International Publishing: 352 - 376. Appendix.Year2021
- The Southwest region (Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah) (Figs. A4.1 and A4.2) is marked by Mediterranean, montane, and desert climates/ ecosystems that provide unique and amenable conditions and habitats for invading plants, pathogens, insects, and vertebrates. Aridity is perhaps the dominant climatic feature framing the forest ecosystems of the Southwest (Peterson 2012). Extreme elevational gradients and the intervening desert landscapes in this region (Fig. A4.2) create pronounced biogeographical boundaries and refugia for endemic species of plants and animals....AuthorsAndrew D. Graves, Susan J. Frankel, Allen White, Carol A. Sutherland, A. Steve. Munson, Steven J. SeyboldSourceIn: Poland, Therese M.; Patel-Weynand, Toral; Finch, Deborah M.; Ford Miniat, Chelcy; Hayes, Deborah C.; Lopez, Vanessa M., eds. Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States: A Comprehensive Science Synthesis for the United States Forest Sector. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer International Publishing: 377 - 401. Appendix.Year2021
- Increasing frequency and extent of high-severity wildfires pose a significant threat to California’s ecosystems. This is evident in both tree- and shrub-dominated landscapes, where novel, human-driven fire regimes may result in large-scale alteration of terrestrial ecosystems and decline in the services they provide. Based on these trends and a broader consideration of sustainability, there is a growing need for a well-supported, science-based approach to postfire management. This report presents a framework to guide the development of postfire restoration on national forests in California....AuthorsM.D. Meyer, Jonathan W. Long, H.D. SaffordKeywordsSourceGen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-270. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. 204 p.Year2021
- Tree spatial patterns in dry coniferous forests of the western United States, and analogous ecosystems globally, were historically aggregated, comprising a mixture of single trees and groups of trees. Modern forests, in contrast, are generally more homogeneous and overstocked than their historical counterparts. As these modern forests lack regular fire, pattern formation and maintenance is generally attributed to fire. Accordingly, fires in modern forests may not yield historically analogous patterns. However, direct observations on how selective tree mortality among pre‐existing forest...AuthorsJustin P. Ziegler, Chad M. Hoffman, Brandon M. Collins, Eric E. Knapp, William E. MellKeywordsSourceEcology and Evolution. 11(2): 820-834Year2021
- Sediment delivery following post‐fire logging is a concern relative to water quality. While studies have assessed the effect of post‐fire logging on sediment yields at different spatial scales, none have explicitly identified sediment sources. Our goal was to quantify post‐fire and post‐salvage logging sediment yields and use rill patterns to identify sediment sources. We measured the extent and type of logging disturbance, length of rills per unit area or “rill density”, ground cover, and sediment yields in nine logged and five control small catchments or “swales”, 0.09 to 0.81 ha, for 5...AuthorsWill H. Olsen, Joseph Wagenbrenner, Peter R. RobichaudKeywordsSourceHydrological Processes. 35(1): e13984.Year2021
- Understanding how the environment shapes genetic variation provides critical insight about the evolution of local adaptation in natural populations. At multiple spatial scales and multiple geographic contexts within a single species, such information could address a number of fundamental questions about the scale of local adaptation and whether or not the same loci are involved at different spatial scales or geographic contexts. We used landscape genomic approaches from three local elevational transects and rangewide sampling to (a) identify genetic variation underlying local adaptation to...AuthorsPaul F. Gugger, Sorel T. Fitz‐Gibbon, Ana Albarrán‐Lara, Jessica W. Wright, Victoria L. SorkKeywordsSourceMolecular Ecology. 30(2): 406-423Year2021
- The recent Californian hot drought (2012–2016) precipitated unprecedented ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) mortality, largely attributable to the western pine beetle (Dendroctonus brevicomis; WPB). Broad-scale climate conditions can directly shape tree mortality patterns, but mortality rates respond non-linearly to climate when local-scale forest characteristics influence the behavior of tree-killing bark beetles (e.g., WPB). To test for these cross-scale interactions, we conduct aerial drone surveys at 32 sites along a gradient of climatic water deficit (CWD) spanning 350 km of latitude...AuthorsMichael J. Koontz, Andrew M. Latimer, Leif Mortenson, Christopher J. Fettig, Malcolm P. NorthSourceNature Communications. 12(1): 129Year2021
- In recent years, GIS and virtual auditing have been widely used to measure the built environment, and each method carries its strengths and weaknesses. To generate higher quality, more cost-effective, and less time-consuming measures, it is necessary to explore dual- or multi-method strategy toward sampling optimization, improvement of measurement, and enhancement of efficiency. To justify the proposed dual-method approach, the study has three major objectives. First, it examines the uncertainties associated with different sample sizes by using GIS to generate scenarios that contrast the...AuthorsWeimin Li, Patricia L. Winter, Lee-Anne Milburn, Pamela E. PadgettKeywordsSourceHealth & Place. 67: 102482Year2021
- Sediment fences are often used to monitor hillslope erosion, but these can underestimate sediment yields due to overtopping of runoff and associated sediment. We modified four sediment fences to collect and measure the runoff and sediment that overtopped the fence in addition to the sediment deposited behind the fence. Specific objectives were to: (1) determine the catch efficiency of sediment fences measuring post‐fire hillslope erosion; (2) assess particle sorting of sand, silt/clay, and organic matter from each hillslope through the sediment fence and subsequent runoff collection...AuthorsCodie Wilson, Stephanie K. Kampf, Joseph Wagenbrenner, Lee H. MacDonald, Hunter GleasonKeywordsSourceEarth Surface Processes and Landforms. 46(1): 267-279.Year2021
- ForestGEO is a network of scientists and long-term forest dynamics plots (FDPs) spanning the Earth's major forest types. ForestGEO's mission is to advance understanding of the diversity and dynamics of forests and to strengthen global capacity for forest science research. ForestGEO is unique among forest plot networks in its large-scale plot dimensions, censusing of all stems ≥1 cm in diameter, inclusion of tropical, temperate and boreal forests, and investigation of additional biotic (e.g., arthropods) and abiotic (e.g., soils) drivers, which together provide a holistic view of forest...AuthorsS.J. Davies, I. Abiem, K. Abu Salim, S. Aguilar, D. Allen, A. Alonso, K. Anderson-Teixeira, A. Andrade, G. Arellano, P.S. Ashton, P.J. Baker, M.E. Baker, J.L. Baltzer, Y. Basset, P. Bissiengou, S. Bohlman, N.A. Bourg, W.Y. Brockelman, S. Bunyavejchewin, D.F.R.P. Burslem, M. Cao, D. Cárdenas, L. Chang, C. Chang-Yang, K. Chao, W. Chao, H. Chapman, Y. Chen, R.A. Chisholm, C. Chu, G. Chuyong, K. Clay, L.S. Comita, R. Condit, Susan Cordell, H.S. Dattaraja, A.A. de Oliveira, J. den Ouden, M. Detto, C. Dick, X. Du, Á. Duque, S. Ediriweera, E.C. Ellis, N.L.E. Obiang, S. Esufali, C.E.N. Ewango, E.S. Fernando, J. Filip, G.A. Fischer, R. Foster, T. Giambelluca, Christian P. Giardina, G.S. Gilbert, E. Gonzalez-Akre, I.A.U.N. Gunatilleke, C.V.S. Gunatilleke, Z. Hao, B.C.H. Hau, F. He, H. Ni, R.W. Howe, S.P. Hubbell, A. Huth, F. Inman-Narahari, A. Itoh, D. Janík, P.A. Jansen, M. Jiang, D.J. Johnson, F.A. Jones, M. Kanzaki, D. Kenfack, S. Kiratiprayoon, K. Král, L. Krizel, S. Lao, A.J. Larson, Y. Li, X. Li, C.M. Litton, Yu Liu, S. Liu, S.K.Y. Lum, M.S. Luskin, J.A. Lutz, H.T. Luu, K. Ma, J. Makana, Y. Malhi, A. Martin, C. McCarthy, S.M. McMahon, W.J. McShea, H. Memiaghe, X. Mi, D. Mitre, M. Mohamad, L. Monks, H.C. Muller-Landau, P.M. Musili, J.A. Myers, A. Nathalang, K.M. Ngo, N. Norden, V. Novotny, M.J. O'Brien, D. Orwig, R. Ostertag, K. Papathanassiou, G.G. Parker, R. Pérez, I. Perfecto, R.P. Phillips, N. Pongpattananurak, H. Pretzsch, H. Ren, G. Reynolds, L.J. Rodriguez, S.E. Russo, L. Sack, W. Sang, J. Shue, A. Singh, G.M. Song, R. Sukumar, I. Sun, H.S. Suresh, N.G. Swenson, S. Tan, S.C. Thomas, D. Thomas, J. Thompson, B.L. Turner, Amanda L. Uowolo, M. Uriarte, R. Valencia, J. Vandermeer, A. Vicentini, M. Visser, T. Vrska, X. Wang, X. Wang, G.D. Weiblen, T.J.S. Whitfeld, A. Wolf, S.J. WrightKeywordsSourceBiological Conservation. 253: 108907.Year2021