Treesearch

Inside bark diameters of young-growth red fir can be estimated from the relationship of inside bark diameter 10 outside bark diameter at breast height. Inside and outside bark diameter were obtained from stem analyses of 562 trees distributed across 56 sampling locations in the true fir forest type of California and southern Oregon. The resulting equation can predict inside bark diameter as a function of outside bark diameter. Because stand basal area and site index also influence the inside-outside bark diameter relationship, an additional equation that includes both of these independent...

Let us be clear that we are unabashed fans of Disneyland. In our opinion, Disneyland is one of the finest things done for people by people. Among other things, it creates tangible fantasy and apparent reality, in ways that are pleasing to most of its visitors. But it is not reality; nor is it a natural ecosystem. Let us further assert that we believe the fantasy of a "Disneyland" to be better than the reality of another suburban parking lot. Similarly, if a truly nativeecosystemcannot be restored, then we believe that the restoration of something biologically viable and sustainable is far...

Two races of bishop pine (Pinus muricata D. Don) meet in a narrow contact zone near sea level along the Sonoma County coast, northern California. The races previously were identified by foliar ("blue" in north, "green" in south), monoterpene, and allozyme differences. Disjunct stands of blue bishop pine were observed at higher elevations along a ridge south of the contact zone on patches of infertile pygmy-forest soils. Green bishop pine arew on fertile soils 0.5 km from the pygmy-forest parches. The frequency of trees with blue foliage in pygmy-forest stands was 0.73-0.86. One ridgetop...

Using starch gel electrophoresis of proteins, we examined variation at 36 genetic loci in nine species (eight genera) of Hawaiian honeycreepers (Class Aves; Family Fringillidae; Subfamily Drepanidinae). Two species of cardueline finches and two emberizids served as outgroup taxa. Twenty-three loci (64%) were either polymorphic within taxa and/or were fixed at alternative alleles among taxa. In seven of nine species, low levels of mean Hobs (0.015), percentage of polymorphic loci (4.16), and average number of alleles per polymorphic locus (2.03) may reflect population bottlenecks that...

Spread and buildup of dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium abietinum, was studied on inoculated white fir, Abies concolor, and red fir, A. magnifica, in northern California for 23 to 28 years. At the end of these studies (1986), and in the absence of overstory infection, 13 of 23 trees had dwarf mistletoe populations that were the same or smaller than the original populations resulting from inoculation. Mortality of infections was the main factor limiting population increases. Live crown ratio of all trees averaged over 0.8. The average ratio of tree height growth to vertical spread rate of dwarf...

Timber stands in western Washington are managed for many purposes. Such stands yield commodity and noncommodity outputs, such as recreation, wildlife, visual resources, or watershed benefits, and often from the same stands. Annosus root disease is widespread in many mixed conifer stands within the western hemlock, mountain hemlock, and Pacific silver fir zones west of the Cascades. In stands managed on commercial (commodity output) rotations, annosus root disease is not considered a major management concern. This is not true of stands managed principally for noncommodity outputs such as...

Actual loss from annosus root disease infections in hemlock stands is difficult to determine. As political trends move toward protecting old-growth timber, greater market demand will be placed on second growth western hemlock. These stands must be kept healthy for maximum productivity. The paper compares the following 70-year rotation timber management scenarios: The first has a single juvenile spacing entry and low infection. The second has early spacing plus a commercial thinning with considerable crop tree wounding and high infection. Operational guidelines are presented for management...

A historical perspective and description of recent studies on the use of borax to treat pine stumps against infection by Heterobasidion annosum in eastside pine stands of northeastern California are presented. The studies indicate that boraxing of pines in eastside pine stands is an effective means of preventing annosus infection. Data and observations suggest that the lower stump diameter limit for treating chain saw-cut pines with borax could be raised from the currently recommended 8 inches (20.3 cm) to about 16 inches (40.6 cm) with little or no risk of creating active annosus root...

Trees affected by the annosus root disease are easily windthrown or fall without visible symptoms that might warn forest recreation managers of impending failure. Some of the treeshave struck cabins or campsites, causing death or destroying vehicles and recreational facilities. To prevent loss of life or property, and to save as many trees as possible for landscaping purposes, the management option of creating a buffer zone by removing the first line of trees from around each infection center was selected. However, the selection of buffer zone cutting resulted in removing 249 trees or...

The Western Root Disease Model as it currently exists is described, and the assumptions that were made to adapt the model to simulate attack by Heterobasidion annosum in coniferous forests of south-central Oregon are defined. Some simulations produced by this adapted model are presented to stimulate provocative discussion, thought, and action. These simulations indicate that with no action, or with continued improper management, annosus root disease will severely reduce timber yields in affected stands of true fir. Coupled with other information, this exercise provides a framework from...