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- Forest cover gains and losses occur in response to complex environmental and anthropogenic pressures. Yet the impact of forest gains and losses on the provision of ecosystem services differs markedly. Here we investigate the social costs of potential forest carbon change in Australia’s intensive agricultural region from 2015 to 2050 using spatial forest cover change and forest carbon models combined with climate and socioeconomic projections. More than 24,000 possible scenarios were used to identify the trend and lower and upper bounds of forest cover/carbon change. Net deforestation (3.5...AuthorsRaymundo Marcos-Martinez, Brett A. Bryan, Kurt A. Schwabe, Jeffery D. Connor, Elizabeth A. Law, Martin Nolan, José J. SánchezKeywordsSourceEcosystem Services. 37: 100935Year2019
- Symbiotic nitrogen (N)‐fixing trees can provide large quantities of new N to ecosystems, but only if they are sufficiently abundant. The overall abundance and latitudinal abundance distributions of N‐fixing trees are well characterised in the Americas, but less well outside the Americas. Here, we characterised the abundance of N‐fixing trees in a network of forest plots spanning five continents, ~5,000 tree species and ~4 million trees. The majority of the plots (86%) were in America or Asia. In addition, we examined whether the observed pattern of abundance of N‐fixing trees was correlated...AuthorsDuncan N. L. Menge, Ryan A. Chisholm, Stuart J. Davies, Kamariah Abu Salim, David Allen, Mauricio Alvarez, Norm Bourg, Warren Y. Brockelman, Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin, Nathalie Butt, Min Cao, Wirong Chanthorn, Wei‐Chun Chao, Keith Clay, Richard Condit, Susan Cordell, João Batista Silva, H. S. Dattaraja, Ana Cristina Segalin Andrade, Alexandre A. Oliveira, Jan den Ouden, Michael Drescher, Christine Fletcher, Christian P. Giardina, C. V Savitri Gunatilleke, I. A. U. Nimal Gunatilleke, Billy C. H. Hau, Fangliang He, Robert Howe, Chang‐Fu Hsieh, Stephen P. Hubbell, Faith M. Inman‐Narahari, Patrick A. Jansen, Daniel J. Johnson, Lee Sing Kong, Kamil Král, Chen‐Chia Ku, Jiangshan Lai, Andrew J. Larson, Xiankun Li, Yide Li, Luxiang Lin, YiChing Lin, Shirong Liu, Shawn K. Y. Lum, James A. Lutz, Keping Ma, Yadvinder Malhi, Sean McMahon, William McShea, Xiangcheng Mi, Michael Morecroft, Jonathan A. Myers, Anuttara Nathalang, Vojtech Novotny, Perry Ong, David A. Orwig, Rebecca Ostertag, Geoffrey Parker, Richard P. Phillips, Kassim Abd. Rahman, Lawren Sack, Weiguo Sang, Guochun Shen, Ankur Shringi, Jessica Shue, Sheng‐Hsin Su, Raman Sukumar, I‐Fang Sun, H. S. Suresh, Sylvester Tan, Sean C. Thomas, Pagi S. Toko, Renato Valencia, Martha I Vallejo, Alberto Vicentini, Tomáš Vrška, Bin Wang, Xihua Wang, George D. Weiblen, Amy Wolf, Han Xu, Sandra Yap, Li Zhu, Tak FungSourceJournal of EcologyYear2019
- Urban parks are valued for their benefits to ecological and human systems, likely to increase in importance as climate change effects continue to unfold. However, the ability of parks to provide those myriad benefits hinges on equitable provision of and access to green spaces and their environmental quality. A social–ecological approach was adopted in a study of urban park use by recreationists in the City of Los Angeles, contrasting two affluent and two disadvantaged communities situated in coastal and inland zones. Twenty-four days of observations distributed across morning and afternoon...AuthorsPatricia L. Winter, Pamela E. Padgett, Lee-Anne S. Milburn, Weimin LiSourceEnvironmental Management. 63(3): 379-395Year2019
- Stand density affects not only structure and growth, but also the health of forests and, subsequently, the functions of forest ecosystems. Here, we integrated dendrochronology and repeated inventories for ponderosa pine research plots to determine whether long-term growth and mortality responded to climate trends and how varying stand density influenced the responses. The plots were established prior to 1975 on existing stands throughout northern California. Although annual temperature increased consistently for the last 65 years, ring-width indices produced by eliminating age and thinning...AuthorsJianwei Zhang, Kaelyn Finley, Nels G. Johnson, Martin RitchieKeywordsSourceForest Science. 65(4): 496-507Year2019
- We reviewed forest management in the mountainous regions of several northwestern states and California in the United States and how it has impacted current issues facing these forests. We focused on the large-scale activities like fire suppression and logging which resulted in landscape level changes. We divided the region into two main forests types; wet, like the forests in the Pacific Northwest, and dry, like the forests in the Sierra Nevada and Cascade ranges. In the wet forests, the history of intensive logging shaped the current forest structure, while fire suppression played a more...AuthorsIris Allen, Sophan Chhin, Jianwei ZhangSourceFire. 2(2): 17Year2019
- With increasing temperatures and projected changes in moisture availability for the Mediterranean climate of northern California, empirical evidence of the long-term responses of forests to climate are important for managing these ecosystems. We can assess forest treatment strategies to improve climate resilience by examining past responses to climate for both managed and unmanaged plantations. Using an experimental, long-term density and shrub removal study of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson & C. Lawson) on a poor-quality site with low water-holding capacity and high runoff of the...AuthorsKaelyn Finley, Jianwei ZhangKeywordsSourceForests. 10(6): 477Year2019
- This is the Preface paper for a special issue of Environmental Pollution that includes ten papers that synthesize cutting-edge studies on: 1) the characteristics of N deposition to global forests, 2) the impacts of N deposition on forest structure and function, 3) the responses of forest ecosystems to regional trends of N deposition and 4) the management options to mitigate negative impacts of N deposition in forest ecosystems. Among the ten papers were reviews on the influence of chronic N deposition on: the structure and function of forest mycorrhizal communities; understory plant...AuthorsEnzai Du, Mark E. Fenn, Wim De Vries, Yong Sik. OkKeywordsSourceEnvironmental Pollution. 250: 1044-1048Year2019
- This report describes the Restoring Ecosystem Services Tool (REST) computer program, which was developed to assist users in selecting plant species for more effective landscape management. Many habitats have been altered to the extent that it is no longer possible to restore their plant communities to their preexisting conditions. In these cases, a functional trait-based restoration approach to restoring some degree of ecosystem services, functionality, and structure may be helpful. To conduct functional trait-based restoration, information about the functional characteristics of species...AuthorsDonald Rayome, Nicole DiManno, Rebecca Ostertag, Susan Cordell, Bryson Fung, Anthony Vizzone, Pauleen Pante, Reuben TateKeywordsSourceGen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-262. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. 47 p.Year2019
- The walnut twig beetle, a native phloem-boring bark beetle originating on Arizona walnut, has invaded urban, orchard, and native forest habitats throughout the USA as well as in Italy. Although the beetle has been associated with dead and dying walnut trees indigenous to riparian forests of the Southwest, the primary impact appears to have been on the health of landscape black walnut trees in urban and peri-urban sites in western US states, and in Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Virginia. This has been reflected in numbers of trees removed and tree removal costs. In addition, trees have been...AuthorsWilliam Klingeman, Stacy Hishinuma, Tom Coleman, Steve J. Seybold, Andrew D. GravesKeywordsSourceJournal of Forestry. 117(2): 152-163Year2019
- A novel approach is presented to analyze smoke exposure and provide a metric to quantify health-related impacts. Our results support the current understanding that managing low-intensity fire for ecological benefit reduces exposure when compared to a high-intensity full suppression fire in the Sierra Nevada of California. More frequent use of fire provides an opportunity to mitigate smoke exposure for both individual events and future emission scenarios. The differences in relative exposure between high-intensity, low-intensity, and prescribed burn were significant (P value < 0.01)....AuthorsDon Schweizer, Haiganoush K. Preisler, Ricardo CisnerosSourceAir Quality, Atmosphere & Health. 12(1): 87-95Year2019