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FOFEM 5.2 is a simple, yet versatile computer program that predicts first order fire effects using text and graphic outputs. It can be used in a variety of situations including: determining acceptable upper and lower fuel moistures for conducting prescribed burns, determining the number of acres that may be burned on a given day without exceeding particulate emission limits; comparing predicted fuels reduction for alternative prescribed burn scenarios; and predicting the effects of wildland fire. This fact sheet describes what inputs are needed to run FOFEM, the outputs that are produced,...

This checklist has 785 species and 801 taxa (for taxa, the varieties and subspecies are included in the count) in 90 plant families. The most common plant families are the grasses (Poaceae) and the sunflower family (Asteraceae). Of this total, 513 taxa are definitely known to occur on the Comanche National Grassland. The remaining 288 taxa occur in nearby areas of southeastern Colorado and may be discovered on the Comanche National Grassland.

Appropriate types of thinning and surface fuel treatments are clearly useful in reducing surface and crown fire hazards under a wide range of fuels and topographic situations. This paper provides well-established scientific principles and simulation tools that can be used to adjust fuel treatments to attain specific risk levels.Other publications in this series

This paper develops techniques for the mapping of forest types in Arizona, New Mexico, and Wyoming. The methods involve regression-tree modeling using a variety of remote sensing and GIS layers along with Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) point data. Regression-tree modeling is a fast and efficient technique of estimating variables for large data sets with high accuracy levels. If the methods developed in this paper are successful, they will be applied to the contiguous United States and Alaska producing a forest type map for these areas. This forest type map will update and improve an older...

We investigated habitat association of sympatric red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) and northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) at 2 spatial scales centered on nest sites: (1) fine-scale patterns of forest structure and topography within 16-m radius circles (0.08 ha), and (2) midscale patterns of forested and nonforested areas, forest fragmentation, and topography within 2,085-m-radius circles (1,367 ha). Nonforested areas were defined as any area lacking >20% canopy closure within a 30 × 30-m cell. At both scales, red-tailed hawk associations were more variable and goshawk associations...

We assessed the effect of beaver dams on channel gradation of an incised stream in an agricultural area of eastern Nebraska. A topographic survey was conducted of a reach of Little Muddy Creek where beaver are known to have been building dams for twelve years. Results indicating that over this time period the thalweg elevation has aggraded an average of 0.65 m by trapping 1730 t of sediment in the pools behind dams. Beaver may provide a feasible solution to channel degradation problems in this region.

A pilot watershed analysis along with the Davis Late Successional Reserve analysis in the range of the northern spotted owl identified potential loss of suitable habitat, reduction in the numbers of large trees, and lack of replacements for large trees. A variety of silvicultural thinning techniques has been used to address these important issues and to move toward a sustainable mix of stand conditions on the landscape.Individual papers from this publication

Ground-based measurements of stores, growth, mortality, litterfall, respiration, and decomposition were conducted in an old-growth forest at Wind River Experimental Forest, Washington. These measurements were used to estimate: Gross (GPP) and Net Primary Production (NPP); autotrophic (Ra) and heterotrophic (Rh) respiration; and Net Ecosystem Production (NEP). Monte Carlo methods were used to calculate uncertainty (expressed as ±2 SD of 200-400 calculations). Live C-stores were 39,800 g C m-2 (34,800 to 44,800 g C m-2). The store of C in detritus and mineral soil was 22,100 g C m-2 (20,600...

Grassland ecosystem management is dynamic and has adapted to the development of new tools and ideas. Our ancestors were indirectly managing grasslands when they learned to move livestock to take advantage of better water and greener forage. One could argue that even their hunting of grassland wildlife, especially the use of fire to drive animals to waiting hunters, had an influence on local grassland ecology.Individual papers from this publication

Recent emphasis has been placed on estimating amount and characteristics of forests affected by wildfire in the Interior West. Data collected by FIA is intended for estimation over large geographic areas and is too sparse to construct sufficiently precise estimates within burn perimeters. This paper illustrates how recently built MODISbased maps of forest/nonforest and biomass coupled with field collected plot data can be used to produce estimates of forest biomass within small geographic areas. FIA-collected forest attributes were modeled as functions of 250-m resolution digital ancillary...