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- The performances of five yeast strains under three levels of toxicity were evaluated using hydrolysates from lodgepole pine pretreated by Sulfite Pretreatment to Overcome the Recalcitrance of Lignocelluloses (SPORL). The highest level of toxicity was represented by the whole pretreated biomass slurry, while intermediate toxicity was represented by the hydrolysate with partial loading of pretreatment spent liquor. The zero toxicity was represented using the enzymatic hydrolysate produced from thoroughly washed SPORL lodgepole pine solids. The results indicate that strains D5A and YRH400 can...AuthorsHaifeng Zhou, Tianqing Lan, Bruce S. Dien, Ronald E. Hector, Junyong ZhuKeywordsSourceBiotechnol. Prog., Volume 30, Number 5, 2014; pp. 1076-1083.Year2014
- Two wood plastic composite (WPC) boards, one experimental and one commercial, were exposed to exterior conditions and evaluated non-destructively using a clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) unit for moisture content (MC) and distribution. The experimental board was exposed in Vancouver, British Columbia, for more than 8 years, and the commercial board was exposed near Hilo, Hawaii, for 2 years. Both boards were characterized in terms of wood content, density, water uptake properties and voids content. The experimental board was additionally destructively analysed for water absorption...AuthorsMarek Gnatowski, Rebecca E. Ibach, Mathew Leung, Grace SunKeywordsSourceWood Material Science and Engineering, 2014; 18p.Year2014
- Manufacturing panels from Tetra Pak® (TP) packaging material might be an alternative to conventional wood-based panels. This study evaluated some chemical and physical properties as well as biological, weathering, and fire performance of panels with and without zinc borate (ZnB) by using shredded TP packaging cartons. Such packaging material, a worldwide well-known multilayer beverage packaging system, is composed of cellulose, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and aluminum (AI). Panels produced from waste TP packaging material were also examined by FT-IR to understand the fungal deteriorati...AuthorsNural Yilgor, Coskun Kose, Evren Terzi, Aysel Kanturk Figen, Rebecca E. Ibach, S. Nami Kartal, Sabriye PiskinKeywordsSourceBioResources, Volume 9, Number 3, 2014; pp. 4784-4807.Year2014
- Structural insulated panels (SIPs) have been recognized as construction materials in the International Residential Code (IRC) since 2009. Although most SIPs are used in wall applications, they can also be used as roof or floor panels that are subjected to long-term transverse loading, for which SIP creep performance may be critical in design. However, limited information on creep performance of SIPs under transverse loading is available. Collaborative pilot studies were undertaken by the USDA Forest Products Laboratory and APA–The Engineered Wood Association to explore the creep behavior...AuthorsDwight E. Mcdonald, Marshall Begel, Christopher Adam Senalik, Robert J. Ross, Thomas D. Skaggs, Borjen Yeh, Thomas WilliamsonKeywordsSourceFPL-RN-332Year2014
- Stress-wave nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques are used widely in the forest products industry—from the grading of wood veneer to inspection of timber structures. Inspection professionals frequently use stress-wave NDE techniques to locate internal voids and decayed or deteriorated areas in large timbers. Although these techniques have proven useful, little information exists concerning the relationship between stress-wave parameters and deterioration observed as a consequence of marine borer attack. In this pilot test, we examined the relationship between stress-wave transmission...AuthorsRobert J. Ross, John W. Forsman, John R. Erickson, Allen M. BrackleySourceUSDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Research Note, FPL-RN-0333, 2014; 8 p.Year2014
- Collectively classified as white-rot fungi, certain basidiomycetes efficiently degrade the major structural polymers of wood cell walls. A small subset of these Agaricomycetes, exemplified by Phlebiopsis gigantea, is capable of colonizing freshly exposed conifer sapwood despite its high content of extractives, which retards the establishment of other fungal species. The mechanism(s) by which P. gigantea tolerates and metabolizes resinous compounds have not been explored. Here, we report the annotated P. gigantea genome and compare profiles of its transcriptome and secretome when cultured...AuthorsChiaki Hori, Takuya Ishida, Kiyohiko Igarashi, Masahiro Samejima, Hitoshi Suzuki, Emma Master, Patricia Ferreira, Francisco J. Ruiz-Duenas, Benjamin Held, Paulo Canessa, Luis F. Larrondo, Monika Schmoll, Irina S. Druzhinina, Christian P. Kubicek, Jill Gaskell, Philip J. Kersten, Franz St. John, Jeremy Glasner, Grzegorz Sabat, Sandra Splinter Bondurant, Khajamohiddin Syed, Jagjit Yadav, Anthony C. Mgbeahuruike, Andriy Kovalchuk, Fred O. Asiegbu, Gerald Lackner, Dirk Hoffmeister, Jorge Recoret, Ana Gutierrez, Hui Sun, Erika Lindquist, Kerrie Barry, Robert Riley, Igor V. Grigoriev, Bernard Henrissat, Ursula Kues, Randy M. Berka, Angel T. Martinez, Sarah F. Covert, Robert A. Blanchette, Daniel CullenKeywordsSourcePLOS Genet Volume 10, Number 12, December 2014; 20 p.Year2014
- Mechanical analysis is presented for new high-strengthsandwich panels made from wood-based phenolic impregnated laminated paper assembled with an interlocking tri-axial ribbed core. Four different panel configurations were tested, including panels with fiberglass fabric bonded to both outside faces with self-expanding urethane foam used to fill the ribbed core. The mechanical behaviors of the sandwich panels were strength tested via flatwise compression, edgewise compression, and third-point load bending. Panels with fiberglass exhibited significantly increased strength and apparent MOE in...AuthorsJinghao Li, John F. Hunt, Shaoqin Gong, Zhiyong CaiSourceBioResources, Volume 9, Number 2, 2014; pp. 1898-1913.Year2014
- A new method to prepare nanolignin using a simple high shear homogenizer is presented. The kraft lignin particles with a broad distribution ranging from large micron- to nano-sized particles were completely homogenized to nanolignin particles with sizes less than 100 nm after 4 h of mechanical shearing. The 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 31P NMR analysis showed that there were no major changes in the chemical composition between the starting kraft lignin particles and the nanolignin obtained after 4 h of mechanical treatment. The nanolignin particles did not show any change in...AuthorsSandeep S. Nair, Sudhir Sharma, Yunqiao Pu, Qining Sun, Shaobo Pan, Junyong Zhu, Yulin Deng, Art J. RagauskasKeywordsSourceChemSusChem, Volume 7, 2014; pp. 3513-3520.Year2014
- Wood products have many environmental advantages over nonwood alternatives. Documenting and publicizing these merits helps the future competitiveness of wood when climate change impacts are being considered. The manufacture of wood products requires less fossil fuel than nonwood alternative building materials such as concrete, metals, or plastics. By nature, wood is composed of carbon that is captured from the atmosphere during tree growth. These two effects—substitution and sequestration—are why the carbon impact of wood products is favorable. This article shows greenhouse gas emission...AuthorsRichard Bergman, Maureen Puettmann, Adam Taylor, Kenneth E. SkogKeywordsSourceForest Prod. J. Volume 64, Number 7/8, 2014; pp. 220–231.Year2014
- We achieved a multiscale description of the thermal conductivity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from single CNCs (~0.72−5.7 W m−1 K−1) to their organized nanostructured films (~0.22−0.53 W m−1 K−1) using experimental evidence and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The ratio of the approximate phonon mean free path (~1.7−5.3 nm) to the lateral dimension of a single CNC (~5−20 nm) suggested a contribution of crystal−crystal interfaces to polydisperse CNC film's heat transport. Based on this, we modeled the thermal conductivity of CNC films using MD-predicted single crystal and...AuthorsJairo A. Diaz, Zhijiang Ye, Xiawa Wu, Arden L. Moore, Robert J. Moon, Ashlie Martini, Dylan J. Boday, Jeffrey P. YoungbloodKeywordsSourceBiomacromolecules, Volume 15, 2014; pp. 4096-4101.Year2014