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- This report summarizes the feedback and recommendations of the North American Wood Recovery Group. This report summarizes the barriers and opportunities in wood recovery, reuse, and recycling as identified by this group of stakeholders from the wood industry, waste industry, and relevant government agencies.AuthorsRobert H. FalkSourceUSDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical ReportYear2012
- This study provides a modeling framework to examine change over time in U.S. forest sector carbon inventory (in U.S. timberland tree biomass and harvested wood products) for alternative projections of U.S. and global timber markets, including wood energy consumption, based on established IPCC/RPA scenarios. Results indicated that the U.S. forest sector’s projected capacities for carbon sequestration could be notably altered by use of forest resources for energy. A scenario with large expansion in U.S. wood energy consumption (16-fold increase by 2060) coupled with high global growth in...AuthorsPrakash Nepal, Peter J. Ince, Kenneth E. Skog, Sun J. ChangKeywordsSourceBiomass and BioenergyYear2012
- This paper describes a set of empirical net forest growth models based on forest growing-stock density relationships for three U.S. regions (North, South, and West) and two species groups (softwoods and hardwoods) at the regional aggregate level. The growth models accurately predict historical U.S. timber inventory trends when we incorporate historical timber harvests. The models also project future timber inventory trends when linked to a model of regional timber harvest, forest product markets, and trade, specifically the U.S. Forest Products Module (USFPM) within the Global Forest...AuthorsPrakash Nepal, Peter J. Ince, Kenneth E. Skog, Sun J. ChangKeywordsSourceUSDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Research Paper, FPL-RP-668, 2012Year2012
- Wood is a major pool of organic carbon that is highly resistant to decay, owing largely to the presence of lignin. The only organisms capable of substantial lignin decay are white rot fungi in the Agaricomycetes, which also contains non–lignin-degrading brown rot and ectomycorrhizal species. Comparative analyses of 31 fungal genomes (12 generated for this study) suggest that lignin-degrading peroxidases expanded in the lineage leading to the ancestor of the Agaricomycetes, which is reconstructed as a white rot species, and then contracted in parallel lineages leading to brown rot and...AuthorsDimitrios Floudas, Manfred Binder, Robert Riely, Kerrie Barry, Robert A. Blanchette, Bernard Henrissat, Angel T. Martínez, Robert Otillar, Joseph W. Spatafora, Jagjit S. Yadav, Andrea Aerts, Isabelle Benoit, Alex Boyd, Alexis Carlson, Alex Copeland, Pedro M. Coutinho, Ronald P. deVries, Patricia Ferreira, Keisha Findley, Brian Foster, Jill Gaskell, Dylan Glotzer, Pawe³ Górecki, Joseph Heitman, Cedar Hesse, Chiaki Hori, Kiyohiko Igarashi, Joel A. Jurgens, Nathan Kallen, Philip J. Kersten, Annegret Kohler, Ursula Kües, T. K. ArunKumar, Alan Kuo, Kurt LaButti, Luis F. Larrondo, Erika Lindquist, Albee Ling, Vincent Lombard, Susan Lucas, Taina Lundell, Rachael Martin, David J. McLaughlin, Ingo Morgenstern, Emanuelle Morin, Claude Murat, Laszlo G. Nagy, Matt Nolan, Robin A. Ohm, Aleksandrina Patyshakuliyeva, Antonis Rokas, Francisco J. Ruiz-Dueñas, Grzegorz Sabat, Asaf Salamov, Masahiro Samejima, Jeremy Schmutz, Jason C. Slot, Franz St. John, Jan Stenlid, Hui Sun, Sheng Sun, Khajamohiddin Syed, Adrian Tsang, Ad Wiebenga, Darcy Young, Antonio Pisabarro, Daniel C. Eastwood, Francis Martin, Daniel Cullen, Igor V. Grigoriev, David S. HibbettSourceSCIENCE VOL 336 29 JUNE 2012 (2012) DOI:1126/science.1221748, www.sciencemag.orgYear2012
- Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and its nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) reinforced nanocomposites were produced and foamed and its properties-such as the dynamic mechanical properties, crystallization behavior, and solubility of carbon dioxide (CO2)were evaluated. PVOH was mixed with an NFC fiber suspension in water followed by casting. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, as well as the optical transparency of the films, revealed that the NFC fibers dispersed well in the resulting PVOH/NFC nanocomposites. Adding NFC increased the tensile modulus of the PVOH/NFC nanocomposites nearly...AuthorsLih-Sheng Turng, Ronald C. Sabo, Craig M. Clemons, Yottha SrithepSourceCellulose 19: 1209-1223; 2012.Year2012
- Two important wood properties are stiffness (modulus of elasticity or MOE) and bending strength (modulus of rupture or MOR). In the past, MOE has often been modeled as a Gaussian and MOR as a lognormal or a two or three parameter Weibull. It is well known that MOE and MOR are positively correlated. To model the simultaneous behavior of MOE and MOR for the purposes of wood system reliability calculations, in a 2012 paper Verrill, Evans, Kretschmann, and Hatfield introduced a bivariate Gaussian–Weibull distribution and the associated pseudo-truncated Weibull. In that paper, they obtained...AuthorsJames W. Evans, David E. Kretschmann, Cherilyn Hatfield, Steve P. VerrillKeywordsSourceUSDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Research Paper, FPL-RP-667, 2012: 48 p.Year2012
- Two important wood properties are stiffness (modulus of elasticity or MOE) and bending strength (modulus of rupture or MOR). In the past, MOE has often been modeled as a Gaussian and MOR as a lognormal or a two- or three-parameter Weibull. It is well-known that MOE and MOR are positively correlated. To model the simultaneous behavior of MOE and MOR for the purposes of wood system reliability calculations, we introduce a bivariate Gaussian–Weibull distribution and the associated pseudo-truncated Weibull. We use asymptotically efficient likelihood methods to obtain an estimator of the...AuthorsSteve P. Verrill, James W. Evans, David E. Kretschmann, Cherilyn HatfieldKeywordsSourceUSDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Research Paper, FPL-RP- 666, 2012: 78 p.Year2012
- Pyrolysis kinetics analysis of extractives, holocellulose, and lignin in the solid redwood over the entire heating regime was possible by specialized cone calorimeter test and new mathematical analysis tools. Added hardware components include: modified sample holder for the thin specimen with tiny thermocouples, the methane ring burner with stainless-steel mesh above cone heater, and the water vapor sensor in heated gas sampling lines. Specialized numerical deconvolutions were applied to the oxygen and water vapor analyzer signals to synchronize with the rapid-responding CO/CO2 analyzer...AuthorsMark A. DietenbergerSourceJ Therm Anal CalorimYear2012
- Critical insights relating to the distribution, natural history, and abundance of Ptinidae sensu lato, in Wisconsin and North America have been overlooked in many faunistic surveys and taxonomic studies, in part due to the relative difficulty in working with the contractile nature of many species and complexity of certain taxonomic characters. Work by H.C. Fall, R.E. White, and T.K. Philips significantly aided in the understanding of this family, although numerous genera are still in need of major revision. This study is the first state-wide survey of Wisconsin Ptinidae. It provides a...AuthorsRachel A. Arango, Daniel K. YoungKeywordsSourceUSDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report, FPL-GTR-209, 164 p.Year2012
- A variety of techniques have been investigated for use in assessing the physical and mechanical properties of wood products and structures. Ultrasound, transverse vibration, and stress-wave based methods are all techniques that have shown promise for many nondestructive evaluation applications. These techniques and others rely on the use of measurement systems to monitor the response of the specimen under test. The primary sensing element in many widely used measurement systems uses piezoelectric sensors to monitor the response of the specimen under test to an external force. Commonly used...AuthorsRobert J. Ross, Jiangming Kan, Xiping Wang, Julie Blankenburg, Janet I. Stockhausen, Roy F. PellerinKeywordsSourceUSDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report, FPL-GTR-212, 2012: 12 p.Year2012