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- • Parasitism and saprotrophic wood decay are two fungal strategies fundamental for succession and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. An opportunity to assess the trade-off between these strategies is provided by the forest pathogen and wood decayer Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato. • We report the annotated genome sequence and transcript profiling, as well as the quantitative trait loci mapping, of one member of the species complex: H. irregulare. Quantitative trait loci critical for pathogenicity, and rich in transposable elements, orphan and secreted genes, were identified. • A wide...AuthorsAndrea Aerts, Ake Olson, Fred Asiegbu, Lassaad Belbahri, Ourdia Bouzid, Anders Broberg, Bjorn Canback, Pedro M. Coutinho, Daniel Cullen, Kerstin Dalman, Giuliana Deflorio, Linda T.A. van Diepen, Christophe Dunand, Sebastien Duplessis, Mikael Durling, Paolo Gonthier, Jane Grimwood, Carl Gunnar Fossdal, David Hansson, Bernard Henrissat, Ari Hietala, Kajsa Himmelsrand, Dirk Hoffmeister, Nils Hogberg, Timothy Y. James, Magnus Karlsson, Annegret Kohler, Ursula Kues, Yong-Hwan Lee, Yao-Cheng Lin, Marten Lind, Erika Lindquist, Vincent Lombard, Susan Lucas, Karl Lunden, Emmanuelle Morin, Claude Murat, Jongsun Park, Tommaso Raffaello, Pierre Rouze, Asaf Salamov, Jeremy Schmutz, Halvor Solheim, Jerry Stahlberg, Heriberto Velez, Ronald P. deVries, Ad Wiebenga, Steve Woodward, Igor Yakovlev, Matteo Garbelotto, Francis Martin, Igor V. Grigoriev, Jan StenlidKeywordsSourceNew Phytologist (2012)Year2012
- The effects of wood preservatives on the bacterial community in southern yellow pine were assessed by the molecular method ‘terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism’ (T-RFLP). Stakes, treated with 0.25 % and 0.37 % ammoniacal copper quat (ACQ-C), 0.1 % and 0.25 % chlorothalonil (CTN), 0.1 % and 0.25 % CTN with 2 % butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and 2 % BHT were installed with untreated controls in two field test sites in Mississippi and sampled every 90 days. Bacterial DNA was amplified by means of general 16S rDNA primers. Community data were analyzed to determine the effects of...AuthorsGrant T. Kirker, M. Lynn Prewitt, Walter J. Diehl, Susan V. DiehlKeywordsSourceHolzforschung, Volume 66, pp. 529–535, 2012.Year2012
Conceptual net energy output for biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass through biorefining
There is a lack of comprehensive information in the retrievable literature on pilot scale process and energy data using promising process technologies and commercially scalable and available capital equipment for lignocellulosic biomass biorefining. This study conducted a comprehensive review of the energy efficiency of selected sugar platform biorefinery process concepts for biofuel production from lignocelluloses. The process data from approximately a dozen studies that represent state-of-the-art in cellulosic biofuel production concepts, along with literature energy input data for...AuthorsJunyong Zhu, X.S. ZhuangKeywordsSourceProgress in Energy and Combustion Science, 38 (2012) 583-598Year2012- A U.S. forest sector market module was developed within the general Global Forest Products Model. The U.S. module tracks regional timber markets, timber harvests by species group, and timber product outputs in greater detail than does the global model. This hybrid approach provides detailed regional market analysis for the United States although retaining the broader global market analysis. We describe how the U.S. Forest Products Module is structured within the global model and show projections based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios with long-range assumptions about...AuthorsAndrew Kramp, Kenneth E. Skog, Peter J. InceKeywordsSourceCanadian Journal of Agricultural Economics 00 (2012) 1-27.Year2012
- The effects of chlorothalonil (CTN), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and ammoniacal copper quat (ACQ-C) on the fungal community on southern yellow pine (SYP) were assessed using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis over 15 months. Field stakes, treated with 0.25 and 0.37 % ACQ-C, 0.1 and 0.25 % CTN, 2 % BHT alone, 0.1 and 0.25 % CTN combined with 2 % BHT, and untreated controls, were installed in two field sites in Mississippi. Stakes were sampled at 90-day intervals and rated for decay damage. Fungal DNA was extracted and amplified by non-specific (total...AuthorsGrant T. Kirker, M. Lynn Prewitt, Tor P. Schultz, Susan V. DiehKeywordsSourceHolzforschung, Volume 66, pp. 521–527, 2012.Year2012
- With increasing energy costs, using small dry kilns for drying lumber for small-volume value-added wood products has become more of an option when compared with conventional drying. Small solar kilns are one such option, and a number of solar kiln designs exist and are in use. However, questions remain about the design and operation of solar kilns, particularly during the colder months. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate a new solar kiln built using structural insulated panels (SIPs) and its operation in southwestern New Mexico. The study consisted of two solar kiln...AuthorsRichard Bergman, Ted BilekKeywordsSourceUSDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report, FPL-GTR-211, 2012.Year2012
- This paper describes the current state of the U.S. economy and provides general and statistical information on forest products markets in terms of production, trade, consumption, and prices. Market developments are described for sawn softwood, sawn hardwood, softwood log trade, wood-based panels, paper and paperboard, fuelwood, forest product prices, and housing starts. Policy initiatives that can affect domestic markets and international trade in wood products are also discussed in some detail. Data are provided through the end of the year 2010 with estimates for 2011 and forecasts for 2012.AuthorsJames L. Howard, David B. McKeeverKeywordsSourceUSDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Research Note FPL-RN-0328, 2012Year2012
Reaction-to-Fire of Wood Products and Other Building Materials: Part 1, Room/Corner Test Performance
This project researched the assessment of reaction-to-fire of common materials using the full-scale room/corner test (ISO 9705) protocol and the predictions of time to flashover using results from the bench-scale cone calorimeter test (ISO 5660-1). Using a burner protocol of 100 kW for 10 min, followed by 300 kW for 10 min and the test materials on the walls only, we obtained effective indications of the fire performance for 11 different untreated wood products, three different fire-retardant-treated (FRT) plywood materials, Type X gypsum wallboard, and FRT polyurethane foam. These same...AuthorsMark A. Dietenberger, Robert H. White, Ondrej GrexaKeywordsSourceUSDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Research Paper, FPL-RP-663, 2012: 51 p.Year2012- Recently efforts have been put toward the development of civil structures that have embedded sensors and on-board data processing capabilities, typically termed “smart structures.” The fusion of these smart technologies into infrastructures is intended to give bridge owners/managers better and more timely information on how structures are behaving and when they need maintenance. Until the present, most of these efforts have focused on ways to integrate conventional sensors and development of data processing algorithms. Almost simultaneously, fundamental research has occurred on what is...AuthorsTerry Wipf, Brent M. Phares, Michael RitterKeywordsSourceForest Products Laboratory, General Technical Report, FPL-GTR-210, 2012Year2012
- This work was conducted to assess the condition of a 2,500-year-old mummy coffin. The coffin, part of a collection of funerary objects at the Nelson–Atkins Museum of Art in St. Louis, Missouri, is made of wood obtained from a sycamore fig tree, Ficus sycomorus. Visual and acoustic-based nondestructive testing techniques were used to inspect the coffin. The upper portion of the coffin was remarkably well preserved; both visual and acoustic tests revealed no signs of deterioration. An area of deterioration in the bottom portion of the coffin was found. Based on our assessment, museum staff...AuthorsRobert J. Ross, Turker DundarKeywordsSourceFPL-RN-327Year2012