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- We analyzed how and why governmental forest regulation and nongovernmental forest certification in Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Nicaragua and their execution lead to, or fail to produce desired changes in forest owner and user behavior toward the enhanced sustainability of tropical forests. The findings confirmed not only that sufficient resources and capacity for forest policy execution are crucial for attaining policy objectives, but also that innovative arrangements for promoting, verifying, and enforcing policy compliance can compensate for limited resources and processes. Such arrangemen...AuthorsKathleen McGinley, F.W. CubbageKeywordsSourceForest Policy and Economics. 13(3): 206-220Year2011
- We report results of new research on (1) community composition of novel subtropical dry forests developing on abandoned pastures and agricultural fields in both private and protected public lands and (2) seed germination and growth rates of plantings of native tree species on degraded soils. We found that novel dry forests were dominated by introduced species, which accounted for 59 percent of the Importance Value (IV) of stands. These forests had high species dominance, with the most dominant species averaging 51 percent of the IV but reaching values as high as 92 percent. The floristic...AuthorsSandra Molina Colón, Ariel Lugo, Olga RamosKeywordsSourceForest Ecology and Management. 262: 170-177.Year2011
- Seed dispersal by wind is a critical yet poorly understood process in tropical forest trees. How tree size and fecundity affect this process at the population level remains largely unknown because of insufficient replication across adults. We measured seed dispersal by the endangered neotropical timber species big-leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King, Meliaceae) in the Brazilian Amazon at 25 relatively isolated trees using multiple 1-m wide belt transects extended 100 m downwind. Tree diameter and fecundity correlated positively with increased seed shadow extent; but in combination...AuthorsJulian M. Norghauer, Charles A. Nock, James GroganKeywordsSourcePLoS ONE. 6(3): e17488Year2011
- AuthorsAriel Lugo, Olga Ramos, Carlos RodriguezSourceFS-980. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry. 46 p.Year2011
- Fakahatchee Strand Preserve State Park is located in Collier County at the extreme southwestern corner of Florida, close to Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve. The 18th Tuckerman Workshop, an annual gathering of professional and amateur lichenologists and mycologists from the United States and Canada, this time with additional participants from Puerto Rico, Peru, and Austria, was held at this locality from March 1–7, 2009. Lichens were collected over a five day span from four sites within the Preserve. Together with previously made collections, the survey produced a...AuthorsRobert Lucking, Frederick Seavey, Ralph S. Common, Sean Q. Beeching, Othmar Breuss, William R. Buck, Lee Crane, Malcolm Hodges, Brendan P. Hodkinson, Elisabeth Lay, James C. Lendemer, R. Troy McMullin, Joel MercadoKeywordsSourceBulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History. 49(4): 127-186.Year2011
- The African tulip tree, Spathodea campanulata, the most common tree in Puerto Rico, forms novel forest types with mixtures of native and other introduced tree species. Novel forests increase in area in response to human activity and there is no information about their biomass accumulation and nutrient cycling. We established allometric relationships and chemically analyzed plant parts of African tulip trees to determine the concentration and standing stock of chemical elements (C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Mn, Al, Fe, Na), and ash. Trees ranged in diameter at breast height from 8 to 85 cm and in...AuthorsAriel Lugo, Oscar Abelleira, Alexander Collado, Christian A. Viera, Cynthia Santiago, Diego O. Velez, Emilio Soto, Giovanni Amaro, Graciela Charon, Jr. Colon, Jennifer Santana, Jose L. Morales, Katherine Rivera, Luis Ortiz, Luis Rivera, Mianel Maldonado, Natalia Rivera, Norelis J. VazquezKeywordsSourceNew Forests. DOI 10.1007/s11056-011-9258-8Year2011
- Landslides are a major geologic hazard with estimated tens of deaths and $1–2 billion in economic losses per year in the US alone. The island of Puerto Rico experiences one or two large events per year, often triggered in steeply sloped areas by prolonged and heavy rainfall. Identifying areas susceptible to landslides thus has great potential value for Puerto Rico and would allow better management of its territory. Landslide susceptibility zonation (LSZ) procedures identify areas prone to failure based on the characteristics of past events. LSZs are here developed based on two widely...AuthorsChiara Lepore, Sameer A. Kamal, Peter Shanahan, Rafael L. BrasKeywordsSourceEnvironmental Earth Science. DOI 10.1007/s12665-011-0976-1Year2011
- Temporal aspects of egg deposition are important factors governing avian reproductive success. I report hourly egg-laying patterns of the Pearly-eyed Thrasher (Margarops fuscatus) in the Luquillo Experimental Forest in northeastern Puerto Rico during 1979–2000. Initiatory eggs were laid by early morning (median 5 0642 hrs, AST) and almost half of the eggs were laid by 0723 hrs. Many penultimate and eggs completing a clutch, however, were laid later in the morning and some not until mid afternoon (1429 hrs), thus extending egg deposition to 8 hrs. Delayed laying of the last eggs in a clutch...AuthorsWayne J. ArendtKeywordsSourceWilson Journal of Ornithology. 123(3):624–628.Year2011
- Protection of natural areas is essential to conserving biodiversity and maintaining ecosystem services. Benefits and services provided by natural areas are complex, interwoven, life-sustaining, and necessary for a healthy environment and a sustainable future (Daily et al. 1997). They include clean water and air, sustainable wildlife populations and habitats, stable slopes, productive soils, genetic reservoirs, recreational opportunities, and spiritual refugia. These are benefits that cannot be replaced by existing technology (Cohen and Tilman 1996, Daily et al. 1997). To best use our...AuthorsWilliam A. Gould, Maya Quinones, Mariano Solorzano, Waldemar Alcobas, Caryl AlarconKeywordsSourceRes. Map IITF-RMAP-02. Rio Piedras, PR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry.Year2011
- Tropical tree height-diameter (H:D) relationships may vary by forest type and region making large-scale estimates of above-ground biomass subject to bias if they ignore these differences in stem allometry. We have therefore developed a new global tropical forest database consisting of 39 955 concurrent H and D measurements encompassing 283 sites in 22 tropical countries. Utilising this database, our objectives were: 1. to determine if H:D relationships differ by geographic region and forest type (wet to dry forests, including zones of tension where forest and savanna overlap). 2. to...AuthorsT.R. Feldpausch, L. Banin, O.L. Phillips, T.R. Baker, S.L. Lewis, C.A. Quesada, K. Affum-Baffoe, E.J.M.M. Arets, N.J. Berry, M. Bird, E.S. Brondizio, P de Camargo, J. Chave, G. Djagbletey, T.F. Domingues, M. Drescher, P.M. Fearnside, M.B. Franca, N.M. Fyllas, G. Lopez-Gonzalez, A. Hladik, N. Higuchi, M.O. Hunter, Y. Iida, K.A. Salim, A.R. Kassim, Michael Keller, J. Kemp, D.A. King, J.C. Lovett, B.S. Marimon, B.H. Marimon-Junior, E. Lenza, A.R. Marshall, D.J. Metcalfe, E.T.A. Mitchard, E.F. Moran, B.W. Nelson, R. Nilus, E.M. Nogueira, M. Palace, S. Patiño, K.S.-H. Peh, M.T. Raventos, J.M. Reitsma, G. Saiz, F. Schrodt, B. Sonke, H.E. Taedoumg, S. Tan, L. White, H. Woll, J. LloydSourceBiogeosciences. 8:1081-1106Year2011