Treesearch

THe Interior West Resource Inventory, Monitoring, and Evaluation (IWRIME) Program of the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station (formerly known as the Intermountain Research Station), as part of its national Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) duties, entered into a cooperative agreement with the Northern Region (Region 1) for the inventory of its National Forests. This report presents the highlights of the Kootenai National Forest inventory using commonly requested variables and summaries. The Kootenai National Forest is primarily in the extreme northwestern coner of the...

By using computer packages designed for qualitative data analysis a researcher can increase trustworthiness (i.e., validity and reliability) of conclusions drawn from qualitative research results. This paper examines trustworthiness issues and therole of computer software (QSR's NUD*IST) in the context of a current research project investigating the social benefits of urban greening projects.

Resource managers worldwide face challenges in responding to expanding urbanization and its effects on forest resources. These challenges can be met head on if managers work toward: (1) comprehensive management of forest resources in urban and urbanizing areas, and (2)connection of urban people with forests and their management. Opportunities exist for accomplishing both of these goals through involvement of a broad spectrum of urban residents and organizations in collaborative management of forest resources in urban and urbanizing areas. Comprehensive and adaptive management of forests in...

Knowledge gained in the study of forest work is used to improve operational efficiency through better planning and control of future work. Internationally recognized standard methods for recording, evaluating and reporting performance in forest work will greatly enhance the usefulness of this information to managers and planners. A subcommittee of IUFRO Working Party $3.04.02 (Work study; payment, labour productivity) has completed work on a standard nomenclature for time and cost concepts (Appendix I). This report outlines the details of the nomenclature agreed upon. Of particular...

We used site-directed mutagenesis to modify the Bacillus cry3A gene in amino acid residues 350-354. Two mutant toxins, A1 (R345A, Y350F, Y351F) and A2 (R345A,DeltaY350, DeltaY351, showed significantly improved toxicity against Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm). The mutant toxin A1 was also more potent against both Leptinotarsa decemlineats (Colorado potato beetle) and Chrysomela scripta (cottonwood leaf beetle), while A2 displayed enhanced toxicity only in L. decemlineata. Competitive binding assays of L. decemlineata brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) revealed that binding affinities...

A reserve tree method (RTM) of harvesting was installed in six 70-to75-year old aspen-dominated stands to determine if retaining 10 to 15 dominant aspen per acre would decrease sucker density to facilitate restoration of a conifer component. A reserve shelterwood cut was applied to three additional stands to evaluate performance of white pine planted under 50% crown cover. After the first full growing season following harvest, 96% of the RTM harvested areas were stocked; sucker density averaged 27,000 (27 k) per acre versus 38.2 per acre on a clearcut control, 41% greater. Basal diameter...

THe purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of key concepts related to environmental values and their importance for public land managers. The following section defines environmental values and discusses their relationship to environmnetal attitudes and beliefs. This is followed by presentation of a broad system for classifying environmental values and understanding the distinct ways in which people value nature. A final section discusses some recommendations for future research related environmnetal values.

Nest predation is a major source of reproductive failure in birds (Ricklefs 1969, Martin 1992). Birds confronted with an enemy near the nest may use behaviors to deter the prospect of nest predation. The benefits of nest defense have been shown for many agressive species (Martin 1992), but smaller birds that cannot deter predators may need to resort to other behaviors to reduce predation risk. These other behaviors include mobbing (Curio 1978), injury feigning and distraction displays (Gochfeld 1984), and actions to draw prospective predators from the nest (Greig-Smith 1980, East 1981,...

This chapter introduces an important dimension in building our understanding of how riparian systems function -- people. The human dimensions of natural resource management concerns how people value and interact with these ecosystems, their processes and functions. People as users, managers, owners, or involved citizens are integral components of riparian ecosystems and are interconnected with the physical and biological dimensions in many ways.

Minirhizotrons were used to observe fine root (