Treesearch

Ecological communities are being impacted by global change worldwide. Experiments are a powerful tool to understand how global change will impact communities by comparing control and treatment replicates. Communities consist of multiple species, and their associated abundances make multivariate methods an effective approach to study community compositional differences between control and treated replicates. Dissimilarity metrics are a commonly employed multivariate measure of compositional differences; however, while highly informative, dissimilarity metrics do not elucidate the specific...

The impacts of climate change have accelerated significantly in recent decades. This paper explores the cascading effects of accelerating climate change using a participatory Futures Research method. The Implications Wheel® method was used to identify and score possible higher-order implications of three key direct impacts of accelerating climate change: Increasing crop failures; more frequent, severe, and longer-lasting heatwaves; and more frequent, intense, and larger wildfires. Analysis of the many second- and third-order implications that were generated revealed implications with...

Climate change is creating opportunities for agricultural expansion northward into the boreal forest. Converting forested land to agricultural land generally results in significant losses of organic matter (OM), which can impact soil health (SH). The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of land conversion on indicators of SH and to use the Comprehensive Assessment for Soil Health (CASH) framework to integrate measures of these indicators into a score to evaluate land conversion effects. Total carbon and nitrogen were also measured in this study. Soils (0–5 and 5–15 cm) were...

Phytosanitary heat treatments of Ceratocystis lukuohia and Ceratocystis huliohia-colonized Metrosideros polymorpha wood were evaluated using kilns. Wood poles subjected to a 22- to 34-day dehumidification kiln schedule with a heat treatment to 60°C to the poles' core. In vacuum kiln trials, logs were heated to 56°C at 70 percent log radius depth and the temperature maintained for 30 minutes. Neither Ceratocystis species was isolated from heat-treated wood using carrot baiting, whereas both fungi were isolated from control logs held at ambient temperature. Results of this study offer...

Neighborhood segregation by race and income is a structural determinant of firearm violence. Addressing green space deficits in segregated neighborhoods is a promising prevention strategy. This study assessed the potential for reducing firearm violence disparities by increasing access to tree cover. Units of analysis were census tracts in six U.S. cities (Baltimore, MD; Philadelphia, PA; Richmond, VA; Syracuse, NY; Washington, DC; Wilmington, DE). We measured segregation using the index of concentration at the extremes (ICE) for race-income. We calculated proportion tree cover based on...

Depression and other mental health conditions are consistently among the top ten contributors to the global public health burden (Patel et al., 2018). Between 1990 and 2019, the number of disability-adjusted life-years due to mental disorders world-wide increased from 80.8 million to 125.3 million (GBD 2019 Mental Disorders Collaborators, 2022). This mental health burden is not experienced equally between social groups, with lower-income and other marginalized groups often bearing a disproportionately high burden (Ridley et al., 2020). These inequalities may be explained by unjust systems...

Peatlands have acted as net CO2 sinks over millennia, exerting a global climate cooling effect. Rapid warming at northern latitudes, where peatlands are abundant, can disturb their CO2 sink function. Here we show that sensitivity of peatland net CO2 exchange to warming changes in sign and magnitude across seasons, resulting in complex net CO2 sink responses. We use multiannual net CO2 exchange observations from 20 northern peatlands to show that warmer early summers are linked to increased net CO2 uptake, while warmer late summers lead to decreased net CO2 uptake. Thus, net CO2 sinks of...

This resource update is a brief look at some of the basic metrics that describe the status of and changes to forest resources in Illinois. This information is based on field data collected using the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) annualized sample design, and it is updated yearly. Tables for Forests of Illinois, 2020 can be found at https://doi.org/10.2737/FS-RU-322-Tables The FIA one-click application that generated this report can be found at https://doi.org/10.2737/FIA-One-Click-State-Report-v1.2

The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is one of the most recognized global patterns of species richness exhibited across a wide range of taxa. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed in the past two centuries to explain LDG, but rigorous tests of the drivers of LDGs have been limited by a lack of high-quality global species richness data. Here we produce a high-resolution (0.025° × 0.025°) map of local tree species richness using a global forest inventory database with individual tree information and local biophysical characteristics from ~1.3 million sample plots. We then quantify...

The success of space-based forest defoliation monitoring beyond thematic classification hinges on the ability to link units of continuous foliar change with associated units of spectral or vegetation index change across different systems. To explore this, we used multi-temporal Landsat sensor data with respect to three defoliation metrics (shoot-based estimates (%), frass biomass (kg⋅ha−1), and proportion of foliar loss) across three different forest systems in the United States. While shoot-based defoliation was measured in the field, the later two defoliation metrics were estimated based...