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- The forest sector can play a significant role in climate change mitigation. We evaluated forest sector carbon trends and potential mitigation scenarios in Vermont using a systems-based modeling framework that accounts for net emissions from all forest sector components. These components comprise (1) the forest ecosystem, including land-use change, (2) harvested wood products (HWP), and (3) substitution effects associated with using renewable wood-based products and fuels in place of more emission-intensive materials and fossil fuelbased energy. We assessed baseline carbon trends from 1995...AuthorsAlexa J. Dugan, Jeremy W. Lichstein, Al Steele, Juha M. Metsaranta, Steven Bick, David HollingerKeywordsSourceEcological ApplicationsYear2021
- Urban tree cover contributes to human well-being through a variety of ecosystem services. In this study, we focus on the role that trees can play in reducing temperature during warm seasons and associated impacts on human health and well-being. We introduce a method for quantifying and valuing changes in premature mortality from extreme heat due to the changes in urban tree cover and apply this method to Baltimore City, Maryland. The model i-Tree Cool Air uses a water and energy balance to estimate hourly changes in air temperature due to alternative scenarios of tree cover applied across...AuthorsParamita Sinha, Robert C. Coville, Satoshi Hirabayashi, Brian Lim, Theodore A. Endreny, David J. NowakKeywordsSourceEcological ModellingYear2021
- The genus Agaricus currently includes about 500 species in seven subgenera. Continuing an inventory of species in the Caribbean, this manuscript's objective was to focus on those in Agaricus subg. Spissicaules. This subgenus has been recently proposed and divided into four sections by applying a new taxonomic system in which supraspecific taxa are ranked according to their divergence times. We similarly applied this system using Bayesian evolutionary analyses (BEAST). Phylogenetic analyses were performed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods, based either on multi-gene...AuthorsBeatriz Ortiz-Santana, Jie Chen, Luis A. Parra, Claudio Angelini, D. Jean Lodge, Richard W. Kerrigan, Philippe CallacKeywordsSourceMycological ProgressYear2021
- The occurrence of Austroboletus subflavidus and Fistulinella gloeocarpa is documented from the Dominican Republic. The latter species is reported for the first time outside its original locality in Martinique, extending the geographic range for this uncommon pinkish-spored bolete. A detailed morphological description is provided for each species and accompanied by color pictures of fresh basidiomes in habitat and line drawings of the main anatomical features. Both species represent independent lineages within their respective genera based on phylogenetic inference. In addition, A. subflavid...AuthorsMatteo Gelardi, Claudio Angelini, Federica Costanzo, Enrico Ercole, Beatriz Ortiz-Santana, Alfredo VizziniSourceMycobiologyYear2021
- Unprecedented rates of introduction and spread of non-native species pose burgeoning challenges to biodiversity, natural resource management, regional economies, and human health. Current biosecurity efforts are failing to keep pace with globalization, revealing critical gaps in our understanding and response to invasions. Here, we identify four priority areas to advance invasion science in the face of rapid global environmental change. First, invasion science should strive to develop a more comprehensive framework for predicting how the behavior, abundance, and interspecific interactions...AuthorsAnthony Ricciardi, Josephine C. Iacarella, David C. Aldridge, Tim M. Blackburn, James T. Carlton, Jane A. Catford, Jaimie T.A. Dick, Philip E. Hulme, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Andrew M. Liebhold, Julie L. Lockwood, Hugh J. MacIsaac, Laura A. Meyerson, Petr Pyšek, David M. Richardson, Gregory M. Ruiz, Daniel Simberloff, Montserrat Vilà, David A. WardleKeywordsSourceEnvironmental ReviewsYear2021
- Manchurian walnut (Juglans mandshurica Maxim.) is a synonym of J. cathayensis, a diploid, vulnerable, temperate deciduous tree valued for its wood and nut. It is also valued as a rootstock for Juglans regia because of its reported tolerance of lesion nematode. Reference genomes are available for several Juglans species, our goal was to produce a de novo, chromosome-level assembly of the J. mandshurica genome. Here, we reported an improved assembly of J. mandshurica with a contig N50 size of 6.49 Mb and a scaffold N50 size of 36.1 Mb. The total genome size was 548 Mb encoding 29,032 protein...AuthorsFeng Yan, Rui‐Min Xi, Rui‐Xue She, Peng‐Peng Chen, Yu‐Jie Yan, Ge Yang, Meng Dang, Ming Yue, Dong Pei, Keith Woeste, Peng ZhaoKeywordsSourceMolecular Ecology ResourcesYear2021
- Large datasets of greenhouse gas and energy surface-atmosphere fluxes measured with the eddy-covariance technique (e.g., FLUXNET2015, AmeriFlux BASE) are widely used to benchmark models and remote-sensing products. This study addresses one of the major challenges facing model-data integration: To what spatial extent do flux measurements taken at individual eddy-covariance sites reflect model- or satellite-based grid cells? We evaluate flux footprints—the temporally dynamic source areas that contribute to measured fluxes—and the representativeness of these footprints for target areas (e.g.,...AuthorsHousen Chu, Xiangzhong Luo, Zutao Ouyang, W. Stephen Chan, Sigrid Dengel, Sébastien C. Biraud, Margaret S. Torn, Stefan Metzger, Jitendra Kumar, M. Altaf Arain, Tim J. Arkebauer, Dennis Baldocchi, Carl Bernacchi, Dave Billesbach, T. Andrew Black, Peter D. Blanken, Gil Bohrer, Rosvel Bracho, Shannon Brown, Nathaniel A. Brunsell, Jiquan Chen, Xingyuan Chen, Ken Clark, Ankur R. Desai, Tomer Duman, David Durden, Silvano Fares, Inke Forbrich, John A. Gamon, Christopher M. Gough, Timothy Griffis, Manuel Helbig, David Hollinger, Elyn Humphreys, Hiroki Ikawa, Hiroki Iwata, Yang Ju, John F. Knowles, Sara H. Knox, Hideki Kobayashi, Thomas Kolb, Beverly Law, Xuhui Lee, Marcy Litvak, Heping Liu, J. William Munger, Asko Noormets, Kim Novick, Steven F. Oberbauer, Walter Oechel, Patty Oikawa, Shirley A. Papuga, Elise Pendall, Prajaya Prajapati, John Prueger, William Quinton, Andrew D. Richardson, Eric S. Russell, Russell L. Scott, Gregory Starr, Ralf Staebler, Paul C. Stoy, Ellen Stuart-Haëntjens, Oliver Sonnentag, Ryan C. Sullivan, Andy Suyker, Masahito Ueyama, Rodrigo Vargas, Jeffrey D. Wood, Donatella ZonaKeywordsSourceAgricultural and Forest MeteorologyYear2021
- Management responses to invasive forest insects are facilitated by the use of detection traps ideally baited with species-specific semiochemicals. Emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, is currently invading North American forests, and since its detection in 2002, development of monitoring tools has been a primary research objective. We compared six trapping schemes for A. planipennis over 2 yr at sites in four U.S. states and one Canadian province that represented a range of background A. planipennis densities, canopy coverage, and ash basal area. We also developed a region-wide...AuthorsPatrick Tobin, Brian Strom, Joseph A. Francese, Daniel A. Herms, Deborah G. McCullough, Therese M. M. Poland, Krista L. Ryall, Taylor Scarr, Peter J. Silk, Harold W. ThistleKeywordsSourceJournal of Economic EntomologyYear2021
- Purpose of Review. Forest managers have long suggested that forests can be made more resilient to insect pests by reducing the abundance of hosts, yet this has rarely been done. The goal of our paper is to review whether recent scientific evidence supports forest manipulation to decrease vulnerability. To achieve this goal, we first ask if outbreaks of forest insect pests have been more severe in recent decades. Next, we assess the relative importance of climate change and forest management–induced changes in forest composition/structure in driving these changes in severity. Recent...AuthorsDaniel D. Kneeshaw, Brian R. R. Sturtevant, Louis DeGrandpé, Enrique Doblas-Miranda, Patrick M. A. James, Dominique Tardif, Philip J. BurtonKeywordsSourceCurrent Forestry ReportsYear2021
- Poplar remediation systems are ideal for reducing runoff, cleaning groundwater, and delivering ecosystem services to the North American Great Lakes and globally. We used phytorecurrent selection (PRS) to establish sixteen phytoremediation buffer systems (phyto buffers) (buffer groups: 2017 × 6; 2018 × 5; 2019 × 5) throughout the Lake Superior and Lake Michigan watersheds comprised of twelve PRS-selected clones each year. We tested for differences in genotypes, environments, and their interactions for health, height, diameter, and volume from ages one to four years. All trees had optimal...AuthorsRonald S. Zalesny Jr., Andrej Pilipović, Elizabeth Rogers, Joel G. Burken, Richard Hallett, Chung-Ho Lin, Bernard G. McMahon, Neil Nelson, Adam Wiese, Edmund O. Bauer, Larry Buechel, Brent S. DeBauche, Mike Peterson, Ray Seegers, Ryan VinhalKeywordsSourceForestsYear2021