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- Many of the ecological processes in the riparian forests and streams across the Pacific Northwest have become impaired through production forestry practices common prior to the 1990s. Some of these practices included forest harvest without stream buffers, removal of instream wood, road construction and use, and harvesting large proportions of watersheds. Passive ecological restoration (the use of natural processes of succession and disturbance to alleviate anthropogenic impacts over time) is a common practice used in the management of riparian forests previously subjected to production...AuthorsKyle D. Martens, Warren Devine, Teodora V Minkova, Alex FosterKeywordsSourceEnvironmental Management. 63(5): 673-690.Year2019
- 1. The unprecedented impact of human activities on nature has led scientists to propose we might now be in a new geological epoch: the Anthropocene. Significant human alterations of freshwater systems include massive changes to soil erosion–deposition dynamics, hydrological regimes via impoundment and diversion, land‐use conversion, chemical and nutrient pollution, and human‐assisted range expansion of invasive species. In this human‐dominated epoch, biodiversity, which includes all life on Earth, is at risk, and freshwater biodiversity shows the strongest examples of the extent of this...AuthorsRebecca Flitcroft, Michael S. Cooperman, Ian J. Harrison, Diego Juffe‐Bignoli, Philip J. BoonSourceAquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems. 29(7): 1013-1021.Year2019
- 1. Globally, river systems have been extensively modified through alterations in riverscapes and flow regimes, reducing their capacity to absorb geophysical and environmental changes. 2. In western North America and elsewhere, alterations in natural flow regimes and swimways through dams, levees, and floodplain development, work in concert with fire regime, forest management practices, as well as agriculture and urban development, to change recovery trajectories of river systems. 3. Hydroregime scenarios for coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum, 1792), were investigated in Washington...AuthorsRebecca Flitcroft, Sarah A. Lewis, Ivan Arismendi, Chante Davis, Guillermo Giannico, Brooke Penaluna, Mary Santelmann, Mohammad Safeeq, Jeff SnyderKeywordsSourceAquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems. 29(7): 1083-1094.Year2019
- This is a guide for the collection of reference samples of trees to enable the identification of species and/or geographical origin of woody material. It is an update of the sampling section of the GTTN standards and guidelines (Ekué 2014) and builds further on a discussion initiated during a workshop held in Hamburg at the Thünen Institute for Wood Research in 2014. If you are looking for support on how to collect test samples, see the UNODC guide (UNODC 2016). To enable the implementation of the different laws regulating the trade in illegal wood, reference databases for various timber...AuthorsNele Schmitz, Céline Blanc-Jolivet, Markus Boner, María Teresa Cervera, Manuel Chavesta, Richard Cronn, Bernd Degen, Victor Deklerck, Carmen Diaz-Sala, Eleanor Dormontt, Marius Ekué, Edgard O. Espinoza, Peter Gasson, David Gehl, Matthias Gehre, Volker Haag, John C. Hermanson, Eurídice Honorio-Coronado, Gerald Koch, Cady Lancaster, Fredric Lens, Estephanie Patricia Liendo-Hoyos, Sandra Martínez-Jarquín, Rolando Montenegro, Kathelyn Paredes-Villanueva, Tereza Pastore, Tahiana Ramananantoandro, Vera T. Rauber-Coradin, Harisoa Ravaomanalina, Gareth Rees, Alexandre Magno Sebbenn, Niklas Tysklind, Mart Vlam, Charlie Watkinson, Michael C. WiemannKeywordsSourceGeneral sampling guide for timber tracking: How to collect reference samples for timber identification. Global Timber Tracking Network, GTTN Secretariat, European Forest Institute and Thuenen Institute. 43p.Year2019
- Coastal Alaska forests consist of 2.6 million hectares of productive timberland and constitute the largest terrestrial carbon reservoir in the state. It has become increasingly urgent to understand potential climate-induced changes in forest structural and species composition in this region. Based on in situ data from 544 permanent sample plots (PSPs) for calibration and 244 PSPs for validation, we developed a climate-sensitive density-dependent, species-, and size-specific matrix model (CSMatrix-AK), to predict fine-scale dynamics of coastal Alaska forests from the present to Year 2100...AuthorsWu Ma, Xiaoping Zhou, Jingjing Liang, Mo ZhouSourceForest Ecology and Management. 448: 432-444.Year2019
- Future alongshore benthic species shoreline lengths undergoing both sea level rise and relative sea level lowering (postglacial isostatic rebound) where SE Alaska Natives regularly conduct traditional and cultural harvests were approximated. From 30-km radii of six community centers, shorelines were examined by merging relevant portions of the NOAA ShoreZone database (utilizing alongshore bioband length segments as accounting units) with nearshore bathymetry and measures of mean global sea-level rise along with local GPS information of isostatic rebound rate. For this analysis, adjustments...AuthorsAdelaide C. Johnson, James Noel, David P. Gregovich, Linda E. Kruger, Brian BumaKeywordsSourceJournal of Coastal Research. 35(4): 765-775.Year2019
- Marbled Murrelets are threatened seabirds that nest predominantly in old-growth forests in the southern part of their western North America range. Little is known about causes of nest failure, timing of parental visits, and nest reuse because it is difficult to locate and monitor nests of this cryptic species. We used radio telemetry to locate murrelet nests from 2004 to 2008 in northwestern Washington and southeastern British Columbia. We monitored four nests with video cameras to document causes of nest failure, and we visited 15 nests after the nesting season to infer nest fate. We also...AuthorsTeresa Lorenz, Martin G. Raphael, Thomas BloxtonKeywordsSourceMarine Ornithology. 47(2): 157–166.Year2019
- Old-growth coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest are among the most productive temperate ecosystems and have the capacity to store large amounts of carbon for multiple centuries. To date, there are considerable gaps in modeling ecosystem fluxes and their responses to physiological constraints in these old-growth forests. These model shortcomings limit our ability to understand and project how the old-growth forests of the Pacific Northwest will respond to global climate change. This study applies the cohort-based Ecosystem Demography Model 2 (ED2) to the Wind River Experimental...AuthorsJohn B. Kim, Anna T. Trugman, Yueyang Jiang, Youngil Kim, Christopher J. StillKeywordsSourceEcosphere. 10(4): e02692-.Year2019
- Wildland fire and ecological researchers use empirical and semi-empirical modeling systems to assess fire behavior and danger. This technical note describes the firebehavioR package, a porting of two fire behavior modeling systems, Crown Fire Initiation and Spread and a Rothermel-based framework, to the R programming language. We also highlight supporting data objects and functions to predict inputs required for fire behavior estimation. Last, this package contains functions for fifteen indices to express fire danger using weather and/or fuels observations. Specific advantages of predicting...AuthorsJustin Ziegler, Chad Hoffman, William MellSourceFireYear2019
- The Arctic is undergoing dramatic environmental change with rapidly rising surface temperatures, accelerating sea ice decline and changing snow regimes, all of which influence tundra plant phenology. Despite these changes, no globally consistent direction of trends in spring phenology has been reported across the Arctic. While spring has advanced at some sites, spring has delayed or not changed at other sites, highlighting substantial unexplained variation. Here, we test the relative importance of local temperatures, local snow melt date and regional spring drop in sea ice extent as...AuthorsJakob J. Assmann, Isla H. Myers‐Smith, Albert B. Phillimore, Anne D. Bjorkman, Richard E. Ennos, Janet S. Prevey, Greg H. R. Henry, Niels M. Schmidt, Robert D. HollisterKeywordsSourceGlobal Change Biology. 25(7):2258-2274.Year2019