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- Early life experiences have carry-over effects that manifest in later life stages. Challenging rearing environments result in more energy invested in immediate survival and less energy on growth and maturation, which can decrease survival in both the short- and long-term. One way to measure differences in energy allocation to growth between individuals is through physiological indices, such as concentrations of the metabolic hormone corticosterone, and body condition. Corticosterone increases in response to challenges to homeostasis and mobilizes stored fat and muscle to meet energetic...AuthorsAshlee Mikkelsen, Damon B. Lesmeister, Kathleen O’Reilly, Katie M. DuggerKeywordsSourceOrnithological Applications. 125(3): duad015.Year2023
- In May 2020, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) delivered a report to the National Science Foundation (NSF) that provided recommendations for addressing 12 priority research questions over the next decade [National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2020]. Among the recommendations was that NSF should fund a national NSG research center. The recommendation was made because near-surface imaging has become an essential tool for many Earth science fields and because such a center would enable novel observations and insights bearing on many of...AuthorsXavier Comas, Sarah Kruse, Gordon Grant, Brooks Hanson, Laura LyonKeywordsSourceEos. 104.Year2023
- Beargrass (Xerophyllum tenax), an evergreen perennial herb of the northern Rocky Mountains, Pacific Northwest, and northern California, is used in Native American basketry and commercial floral greens. We studied beargrass size and biomass responses to crown removal by clipping or burning over three years in a coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) woodland with variable shrub cover in the southeastern Olympic Peninsula of Washington State. Clipping forested plants resulted in 28% mortality, mostly from smaller plants growing under 26% more total cover than the surviving...AuthorsDavid H. Peter, Timothy B. HarringtonKeywordsSourceNorthwest Science. 96(1-2):38-54.Year2023
- High-severity wildfires create pulses of snags that serve a variety of functions as they decompose over time. Snag-related benefits (and hazards) are often linked to specific decomposition stages, but snag decomposition rates and pathways are not well understood in many forest types. We examined temporal patterns of snag decomposition, wildlife cavity creation, and surface woody fuel dynamics in dry coniferous forests of the interior Pacific Northwest region of North America by sampling 159 forest stands within a 39-year chronosequence of stand-replacing wildfires in dry coniferous forests...AuthorsDavid W. Peterson, Erich Dodson, Richy J. HarrodKeywordsSourceEcosphere, 14(8): e4635.Year2023
- Background. Previous work by the author and others has examined weather associated with growth of exceptionally large fires (‘Fires of Unusual Size’, or FOUS), looking at three of four factors associated with critical fire weather patterns: antecedent drying, high wind and low humidity. However, the authors did not examine atmospheric stability, the fourth factor. Aims. This study examined the relationships of mid-tropospheric stability and dryness used in the Haines Index, and changes in surface wind speed or direction, to growth of FOUS. Methods. Weather measures were paired with daily...AuthorsBrian PotterSourceInternational Journal of Wildland Fire. 32(5): 777-795.Year2023
- The problem of global amphibian declines has prompted extensive research over the last three decades. Initially, the focus was on identifying and characterizingthe extent of the problem, but more recently efforts have shifted to evidence-based research designed to identify best solutions and to improve conservation outcomes. Despite extensive accumulation of knowledge on amphibian declines, there remain knowledge gaps and disconnects between science and action that hamper our ability to advance conservation efforts. Using input from participants at the ninth World Congress of Herpetology,...AuthorsEvan H. Campbell Grant, Staci M. Amburgey, Brian Gratwicke, Victor Acosta Chaves, Anat M. Belasen, David Bickford, Carsten A. Brühl, Natalie E. Calatayud, Nick Clemann, Simon Clulow, Jelka Crnobrnja‐Isailovic, Jeff Dawson, David A. De Angelis, C. Kenneth Dodd, Annette Evans, Gentile Francesco Ficetola, Mattia Falaschi, Sergio González‐Mollinedo, David M. Green, Roseanna Gamlen‐Greene, Richard A. Griffiths, Brian J. Halstead, Craig Hassapakis, Geoffrey Heard, Catharina Karlsson, Tom Kirschey, Blake Klocke, Tiffany A. Kosch, Sophia Kusterko Novaes, Luke Linhoff, John C. Maerz, Brittany A. Mosher, Katherine O'Donnell, Leticia M. Ochoa‐Ochoa, Deanna H. Olson, Kristiina Ovaska, J. Dale Roberts, Aimee J. Silla, Tariq Stark, Jeanne Tarrant, R. Upton, Judit Vörös, Erin MuthsSourceConservation Science and Practice. 5(9): e12988.Year2023
- Drought is a major stressor of tree seedlings regarding both natural and artificial regeneration, especially in excessively drained, sandy outwash soils. While climate change is expected to cause an increase in the total annual precipitation in the Upper Midwest, USA, the timing of the precipitation is predicted to result in longer periods of drought during the growing season. Biochar, a material created through the pyrolysis of organic matter, such as wood waste, has been proposed as a soil amendment that may increase the water holding capacity of a soil. Biochar has mostly been studied...AuthorsLaura F. Reuling, Alan J. Z. Toczydlowski, Robert A. Slesak, Marcella A. Windmuller-CampioneSourceInternational Journal of Plant Biology. 14(3): 811-824.Year2023
- Armillaria root disease is among the largest causes of mortality and lost productivity of widely ranging horticultural, urban, and forest trees and shrubs in diverse boreal, temperate, and tropical regions around the world (Kim et al. 2022). Damage from Armillaria root disease will likely increase in response to changing climate and extreme weather because environmental stress can predispose host trees to Armillaria root disease (Kim et al. 2021; Murray and Leslie 2021).AuthorsMee-Sook Kim, R. A. Blaedow, K. M. McKeever, R. O. Olatinwo, Ned B. KlopfensteinKeywordsSourcePlant Disease. 107: 2261.Year2023
- Stream solute tracers are commonly injected to assess transport and transformation in study reaches, but results are biased toward the shortest and fastest storage locations. While this bias has been understood for decades, the impact of an experimental constraint on our understanding has yet to be considered. Here, we ask how different our understanding of reach- and segment-scale transport would be if our empirical limits were extended. We demonstrate a novel approach to manipulate experimental conditions and observe mass that is stored at timescales beyond the traditional reach-scale...AuthorsAdam S. Ward, Steve Wondzell, Michael N. Gooseff, Tim Covino, Skuyler Herzog, Brian McGlynn, Robert A. PaynKeywordsSourceWater Resources Research, 59(3): e2022WR032736.Year2023
- Mature and old-growth forests are valued for biodiversity, carbon sequestration, habitat, hydrologic function, aesthetics, and spirituality, as well as Tribal and Indigenous histories, cultures, and practices. Over the last 500 years, land use change and industrialization have resulted in global declines in the area of older forests (however defined). The goal of this study was to identify concepts and indicators to define mature and old-growth forests across the vegetation types of the United States in order to quantify their abundance and distribution. Defining old growth has been...AuthorsAndrew Gray, Kristen A. Pelz, Gregory D. Hayward, Thomas M. Schuler, Wade Salverson, Marin Palmer, Christian Schumacher, Christopher W. W. WoodallKeywordsSourceForest Ecology and Management. 546(1-3): 121350.Year2023