Treesearch

Site fidelity and maintenance of home ranges are common in fishes (e.g., Stephens et al., 1970; Robertson and Sheldon, 1979; Hixon, 1981), especially for intertidal species for which the ability to navigate to a safe region of an environment that periodically drains of water may be adaptive (e.g., Gibson 1967, 1969, 1982). For intertidal fishes in the northeast Pacific region, homing capabilities have been described in the cottids Clinocottus analis (Richkus, 1978), C. globiceps (Green, 1973), Oligocottus maculosus (Green, 1971; Khoo, 1974; Craik, 1981), and Oligocottus snyderi (Williams,...

Karst topography is a unique and distinct landscape and its geology may have important implications for salmon productivity in streams. The relationship between salmonid communities and water chemistry and the influence of habitat was examined in a set of streams on north Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska. Streams in karst landscapes showed higher alkalinities (1,500-2,300 µeq/L) than streams not influenced by karst landscapes (750-770 µeq/L). A significant, positive relationship was observed between alkalinity and density of coho salmon parr Oncorhynchus kitsutch. Backwater pools...

Recent flooding in the Pacific Northwest vividly illustrates the complexity of watershed and ecosystem responses to floods, especially in steep forest landscapes. Flooding involves a sequence of interactions that begins with climatic drivers. These drivers, generally rain and snowmelt, interact with landscape conditions, such as vegetation pattern and topography, to determine the capability of a watershed to deliver water, sediment, and organic material to downstream areas (Figure 1). Land-use practices can affect watershed responses to flooding through the influences of managed vegetation...

The purpose of this project was to assess market opportunities for second growth clearwood lumber by identifying industry segments that currently utilize clearwood lumber and determining whether alternative markets will continue to exist for clearwood lumber produced from intensively managed forests in the Pacific Northwest. A survey of industrial lumber remanufacturers was conducted in 1995 to identify: 1) those industry segments that currently utilize clearwood lumber as a raw material input for their manufacturing process; and 2) those clearwood lumber attributes that are perceived to...

Mortality between 1991 and 1995 destroyed a levels-of-growing-stock study installed in four widely separated blocks in the Deschutes and Fremont National Forests in Oregon. Mortality at one block was attributed to root rot (Armillaria ostoyea (Romagnesi) Herink) and western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman). Mortality at the other blocks was due to fir engraver beetles (Scolytus ventralis LeConte). Stand densities under investigation were low.

The basic principles of designing forest tree breeding programs are reviewed for Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in the Pacific Northwest. Breeding populations are discussed given current and future breeding zone sizes and seed orchard designs. Seed orchard composition is discussed for potential genetic gain and maintaining genetic diversity in the forest. Mating and field testing designs are described and compared. Recommendations of the Breeding Zone Evaluation and Restructuring Cooperatives Working Group of the Northwest Tree Improvement Cooperative are presented.

Relations between science and policy concerning many issues (e.g., health, energy, natural resources) have been changing worldwide. Public pressure to resolve such complex and often controversial issues has resulted in policymakers and policy implementers seeking better knowledge on which to base their decisions. As a result, scientists have become more actively engaged in the creation and evaluation of policy. In this paper we summarize the literature and experience in how Canada, Mexico, and the United States approach the integration of science and policy; we describe some apparent...

The Starkey Project, a large-scale, multidisciplinary research venture, began in 1987 in the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range in northeast Oregon. Researchers are studying effects of forest management on interactions and habitat use of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus), elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni), and cattle. A habitat database was compiled, using GIS (geographic information systems), to examine relations of environmental variables to ungulate distribution and habitat use. The database contains over 100 variables associated with vegetation, water, soils, roads, topography,...

As a bibliography of annotated references addressing interdisciplinary environmental research, the collection reviews a broad spectrum of literature to illustrate the breadth of issues that bear on the role of humankind in environmental context. Categories of culture, environmental law, public policy, environmental valuation strategies, philosophy, interdisciplinary research, landscape theory, design, and management will be useful to interdisciplinary research designers, land use planners and managers, academic faculty and students, environmental stakeholder groups, and anyone with...

Seedlings were thinned to spacings of 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 feet and measured periodically. Twenty-seven years later, height did not differ with spacing, but diameters increased while basal areas and cubic volumes decreased as spacing widened. Simulation to age 100 years indicated that about the same board volume would be produced at 12-, 15-, and 18-foot spacings.