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- Healthy, productive ecosystems require diverse plant populations that are adapted to the climates in which they are growing. The concept of local adaptation has been recognized as a critical component to reforestation success and forest productivity for nearly a century, leading to the development of seed zones for forest trees and, more recently, nontree restoration species. Fixed-boundary seed zones, however, assume that climates are static over time, which is no longer the case.AuthorsClaire Ellwanger, Brad St. Clair, Andy Bower, Vicky Erickson, Matt Horning, Scott KolpakKeywordsSourceIn: Jain, Theresa B.; Schuler, Thomas M. [comp.]. Foundational concepts in silviculture with emphasis on reforestation and early stand improvement - 2022 National Silviculture Workshop. Proc. RMRS-P-80. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 3 p.Year2022
- In the upper Midwest, climate change is expected to result in longer periods of drought during the growing season and increased summer temperatures. These pose a particular threat to seedlings, both natural and artificial regeneration, which are more susceptible to drought than mature trees. Biochar, a product created through pyrolysis of organic material (including wood and wood waste), has been proposed as a soil amendment that can both increase the water-holding capacity of soil (and therefore increase the drought tolerance of seedlings in that soil) and increase carbon storage. In this...AuthorsLaura F. Reuling, Alan J. Z. Toczydlowski, Robert A. Slesak, Marcella A. Windmuller-CampioneKeywordsSourceIn: Jain, Theresa B.; Schuler, Thomas M. [comp.]. Foundational concepts in silviculture with emphasis on reforestation and early stand improvement - 2022 National Silviculture Workshop. Proc. RMRS-P-80. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 3 p.Year2022
- Habitat restoration to recover fish populations takes place worldwide, yet studies of its efficacy are fraught with challenges. One difficulty comes from studies of fish responses that are too focused on whether abundance has increased in the restored habitat, limiting the methodology to observational data of fish density. However, many other tools are available for evaluation of restoration. I review a set of conceptually based methods that colleagues and I used to assess restoration efficacy in a model river system to show the strength of considering alternative approaches. Although it...AuthorsCarlos M. PolivkaKeywordsSourceFisheries. 47(8): 346-355.Year2022
- Smoke from wildland fire is a significant concern to resource managers who need tools, knowledge, and training to analyze, address, and minimize potential impacts; follow relevant rules and regulations; and inform the public of possible effects. Successful navigation of competing pressures to appropriately use fire on the landscape to manage fire-adapted and fire-dependent ecosystems, while protecting public health and other air quality values, depends on credible science and tools conceived of and developed in partnership between managers and the research community. Fire and smoke...AuthorsJanice Peterson, Melanie C. Pitrolo, Donald W. Schweizer, Randy L. Striplin, Linda H. Geiser, Stephanie M. Holm, Julie D. Hunter, Jen M. Croft, Linda M. Chappell, Peter W. Lahm, Guadalupe Amezquita, Timothy J. Brown, Ricardo G. Cisneros, Stephanie Connolly, Jessica Halofsky, E. Louise Loudermilk, Kathleen M. Navarro, Andrea L. Nick, C. Trent Procter, Heather C. Provencio, Taro Pusina, Susan Lyon Stone, Leland Tarnay, Cynthia WestKeywordsSourceIn: Peterson, David L.; McCaffrey, Sarah M.; Patel-Weynand, Toral, eds. 2022. Wildland Fire Smoke in the United States: A Scientific Assessment. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Year2022
- This open access book synthesizes current information on wildland fire smoke in the United States, providing a scientific foundation for addressing the production of smoke from wildland fires. This will be increasingly critical as smoke exposure and degraded air quality are expected to increase in extent and severity in a warmer climate. Accurate smoke information is a foundation for helping individuals and communities to effectively mitigate potential smoke impacts from wildfires and prescribed fires. The book documents our current understanding of smoke science for (1) primary physical,...AuthorsDavid L. Peterson, Sarah M. McCaffrey, Toral Patel-WeynandKeywordsSourceCham, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 341 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87045-4.Year2022
- Recent large wildfires in the USA have exposed millions of people to smoke, with major implications for health and other social and economic values. Prescribed burning for ecosystem health purposes and hazardous fuel reduction also adds smoke to the atmosphere, in some cases affecting adjacent communities. However, we currently lack an appropriate assessment framework that looks past the planned versus unplanned nature of a fire and assesses the environmental conditions under which particular fires burn, their socio-ecological settings, and implications for smoke production and management....AuthorsDavid L. Peterson, Daniel A. Jaffe, Sarah M. McCaffrey, John Hall, Timothy J. BrownKeywordsSourceIn: Peterson, David L.; McCaffrey, Sarah M.; Patel-Weynand, Toral, eds. 2022. Wildland Fire Smoke in the United States: A Scientific Assessment. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Year2022
- A science-management adaptation partnership was developed among the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area, Mount Hood National Forest, and Willamette National Forest, and other organizations (hereafter referred to as CMWAP) to identify climate change issues relevant for resource management in central Oregon and southern Washington). This partnership assessed the vulnerability of natural resources to climate change and developed adaptation options that minimize negative impacts of climate change and facilitate transition of ecosystems and organizations to a warmer climate. The vulnerabil...AuthorsJessica Halofsky, David L. Peterson, Rebecca A. GravenmierKeywordsSourceGen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-1001. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 469 p.Year2022
Drought-induced decoupling between carbon uptake and tree growth impacts forest carbon turnover time
The ability of forests to withstand, and recover from, acute drought stress is a critical uncertainty regarding the impacts of climate change on the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle, but it is unclear how drought responses scale from individual trees to whole forests. Here, we assembled a dataset of tree-ring chronologies co-located within the footprint of eddy covariance towers across North America and Europe, with the aim of quantifying the sensitivity of tree radial growth versus gross primary productivity (GPP) during and following drought. We found that drought induced a large decoupling...AuthorsSteven A. Kannenberg, Antoine Cabon, Flurin Babst, Soumaya Belmecheri, Nicolas Delpierre, Rossella Guerrieri, Justin T. Maxwell, Frederick Meinzer, David Moore, Christoforos Pappas, Masahito Ueyama, Danielle E.M. Ulrich, Steven L. Voelker, David R. Woodruff, William R.L. AndereggKeywordsSourceAgricultural and Forest Meteorology. 322: 108996.Year2022- Managing wildlife populations in the face of global change requires regular data on the abundance and distribution of wild animals, but acquiring these over appropriate spatial scales in a sustainable way has proven challenging. Here we present the data from Snapshot USA 2020, a second annual national mammal survey of the USA. This project involved 152 scientists setting camera traps in a standardized protocol at 1485 locations across 103 arrays in 43 states for a total of 52,710 trap-nights of survey effort. Most (58) of these arrays were also sampled during the same months (September and...AuthorsMark J. Jordan, L. Mark Elbroch, Dylan Bergman, Sara Cendejas‐Zarelli, Kim Sager‐Fradkin, Mike Conner, Gail Morris, Elizabeth Parsons, Haydée Hernández‐Yáñez, William J. McShea, Roland Kays, Michael V Cove, Jose Diaz, Kimberly Todd, Claire Bresnan, Matt Snider, Thomas E. Lee, Jonathan G. Jasper, Brianna Douglas, Anthony P. Crupi, Katherine C. B. Weiss, Helen Rowe, Tiffany Sprague, Jan Schipper, Christopher A. Lepczyk, Jean E. Fantle‐Lepczyk, Jon Davenport, Marketa Zimova, Zach Farris, Jacque Williamson, M. Caitlin Fisher‐Reid, Drew Rezendes, Sean M. King, Petros Chrysafis, Alex J. Jensen, David S. Jachowski, Katherine C. King, Daniel J. Herrera, Sophie Moore, Marius van der Merwe, Jason V Lombardi, Maksim Sergeyev, Michael E. Tewes, Robert V Horan, Michael S. Rentz, Ace Driver, La Roy S. E. Brandt, Christopher Nagy, Peter Alexander, Sean P. Maher, Andrea K. Darracq, Evan G. Barr, George Hess, Stephen L. Webb, Mike D. Proctor, John P. Vanek, Diana J. R. Lafferty, Tru Hubbard, Jaime E. Jiménez, Craig McCain, Jorie Favreau, Jack Fogarty, Jacob Hill, Steven Hammerich, Morgan Gray, Christine C. Rega‐Brodsky, Caleb Durbin, Elizabeth A. Flaherty, Jarred Brooke, Stephanie S. Coster, Richard G. Lathrop, Katarina Russell, Daniel A. Bogan, Hila Shamon, Brigit Rooney, Aimee Rockhill, Robert C. Lonsinger, M. Teague O'Mara, Justin A. Compton, Erika L. Barthelmess, Katherine E. Andy, Jerrold L. Belant, Tyler Petroelje, Nathaniel H. Wehr, Dean E. Beyer, Daniel G. Scognamillo, Chris Schalk, Kara Day, Caroline N. Ellison, Chip Ruthven, Blaine Nunley, Sarah Fritts, Christopher A. Whittier, Sean A. Neiswenter, Robert Pelletier, Brett A. DeGregorio, Erin K. Kuprewicz, Miranda L. Davis, Carolina Baruzzi, Marcus A. Lashley, Brandon McDonald, David Mason, Derek R. Risch, Maximilian L. Allen, Laura S. Whipple, Jinelle H. Sperry, Emmarie Alexander, Patrick J. Wolff, Robert H. Hagen, Alessio Mortelliti, Amay Bolinjcar, Andrew M. Wilson, Scott Van Norman, Cailey Powell, Henry Coletto, Martha Schauss, Helen Bontrager, James Beasley, Susan N. Ellis‐Felege, Summer H. LaRose, Samuel R. Wehr, Sean T. Giery, Charles E. Pekins, Ronald S. Revord, Christopher P. Hansen, Lonnie Hansen, Joshua J. Millspaugh, Adam Zorn, Brian D. Gerber, Kylie Rezendes, Jessie Adley, Jennifer Sevin, Austin M. Green, Çağan H. Şekercioğlu, Mary E. Pendergast, Kayleigh Mullen, Tori Bird, Andrew J. Edelman, Andrea Romero, Brian J. O'Neill, Noel Schmitz, Rebecca A. Vandermus, Jesse M. Alston, Kellie M. Kuhn, Steven C. Hasstedt, Damon B. Lesmeister, Cara L. Appel, Christopher Rota, Jennifer L. Stenglein, Christine Anhalt‐Depies, Carrie L. Nelson, Robert A. Long, Kathryn R. RemineKeywordsSourceEcology. e3775.Year2022
- The removal of dams from rivers has become a common and widespread practice in the United States and Europe. Although often initiated by factors like economics and safety, ecosystem restoration is often a desired benefit and outcome of dam removal. We describe the physical and ecological effects that the placement and removal of dams have on rivers. We then focus on the drivers of dam removal, present considerations for undertaking a dam removal project, and discuss case-studies and recent syntheses describing the ecological outcomes of dam removal.AuthorsJeffrey Duda, J. Ryan BellmoreSourceEncyclopedia of Inland Waters, Elsevier. 2:576-585.Year2022