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- This chapter explores concepts in agency capacity and discusses how changes in an organization’s capacity to plan and manage outdoor recreation can shape or limit its ability to provide quality outdoor recreation experiences. We use a case study from the U.S. Forest Service to convey how shifts in financial, human, information, and material resources can challenge an agency’s ability to achieve its mission. We present recent models of agency capacity and its effect on organizational performance and explore notions of adaptive capacity and capacity-building to present ideas about how...AuthorsLee K. Cerveny, Steven Selin, Dale Blahna, Noelle Meier, James R. Barborak, Stephen F. McCoolKeywordsSourceIn: Selin, Steven; Cerveny, Lee K.; Blahna, Dale J.; Miller, Anna B., eds. 2020. Igniting research for outdoor recreation: linking science, policy, and action. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-987. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 257 p.Year2020
- This chapter will investigate who are the visitors and nonusers of outdoor recreation opportunities, and what factors influence or inhibit forest visitation. Additionally, it will focus on identifying a research agenda that links the cultural ecosystem services of outdoor recreation with issues of diversity and cultural and social constructs in the actual delivery and use of this public service, and develop management strategies to better increase visitation rates on nonusers.AuthorsJosé J. Sánchez, Lee K. Cerveny, Dale Blahna, Francisco Valenzuela, Mike SchlafmannKeywordsSourceIn: Selin, Steven; Cerveny, Lee K.; Blahna, Dale J.; Miller, Anna B., eds. 2020. Igniting research for outdoor recreation: linking science, policy, and action. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-987. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 257 p.Year2020
- Climate change is altering the suitable habitat and phenology of plant species around the world, with cascading effects on people and animals reliant upon those plant species as food sources. Huckleberry (Vaccinium membranaceum) is one of these important food-producing plant species that grows in the Pacific Northwest of North America. Here, we modelled how the range and phenology of huckleberry may change as the climate changes. To address this question, we first utilized citizen scientist observations, long-term plot data, and gridded climate data to identify climate variables that best...AuthorsJanet S. Prevéy, Lauren E. Parker, Connie Harrington, Clayton T. Lamb, Michael F. ProctorSourceAgricultural and Forest Meteorology. 280: 107803-.Year2020
- The majority of variation in six traits critical to the growth, survival and reproduction of plant species is thought to be organised along just two dimensions, corresponding to strategies of plant size and resource acquisition. However, it is unknown whether global plant trait relationships extend to climatic extremes, and if these interspecific relationships are confounded by trait variation within species. We test whether trait relationships extend to the cold extremes of life on Earth using the largest database of tundra plant traits yet compiled. We show that tundra plants demonstrate...AuthorsH. J. D. Thomas, A. D. Bjorkman, I. H. Myers-Smith, S. C. Elmendorf, J. Kattge, S. Diaz, M. Vellend, D. Blok, J. H. C. Cornelissen, B. C. Forbes, G. H. R. Henry, R. D. Hollister, S. Normand, J. S. Prevéy, C. Rixen, G. Schaepman-Strub, M. Wilmking, S. Wipf, W. K. Cornwell, P. S. A. Beck, D. Georges, S. J. Goetz, K. C. Guay, N. Rüger, N. A. Soudzilovskaia, M. J. Spasojevic, J. M. Alatalo, H. D. Alexander, A. Anadon-Rosell, S. Angers-Blondin, M. te Beest, L. T. Berner, R. G. Björk, A. Buchwal, A. Buras, M. Carbognani, K. S. Christie, L. S. Collier, E. J. Cooper, B. Elberling, A. Eskelinen, E. R. Frei, O. Grau, P. Grogan, M. Hallinger, M. M. P. D. Heijmans, L. Hermanutz, J. M. G. Hudson, J. F. Johnstone, K. Hülber, M. Iturrate-Garcia, C. M. Iversen, F. Jaroszynska, E. Kaarlejarvi, A. Kulonen, L. J. Lamarque, T. C. Lantz, E. Lévesque, C. J. Little, A. Michelsen, A. Milbau, J. Nabe-Nielsen, S. S. Nielsen, J. M. Ninot, S. F. Oberbauer, J. Olofsson, V. G. Onipchenko, A. Petraglia, S. B. Rumpf, R. Shetti, J. D. M. Speed, K. N. Suding, K. D. Tape, M. Tomaselli, A. J. Trant, U. A. Treier, M. Tremblay, S. E. Venn, T. Vowles, S. Weijers, P. A. Wookey, T. J. Zamin, M. Bahn, B. Blonder, P. M. van Bodegom, B. Bond-Lamberty, G. Campetella, B. E. L. Cerabolini, F. S. Chapin, J. M. Craine, M. Dainese, W. A. Green, S. Jansen, M. Kleyer, P. Manning, Ü Niinemets, Y. Onoda, W. A. Ozinga, J. Peñuelas, P. Poschlod, P. B. Reich, B. Sandel, B. S. Schamp, S. N. Sheremetiev, F. T. de VriesKeywordsSourceNature Communications. 11(1): 1-12.Year2020
- A key assumption of epidemiological models is that population-scale disease spread is driven by close contact between hosts and pathogens. At larger scales, however, mechanisms such as spatial structure in host and pathogen populations and environmental heterogeneity could alter disease spread. The assumption that small-scale transmission mechanisms are sufficient to explain large-scale infection rates, however, is rarely tested. Here, we provide a rigorous test using an insect-baculovirus system. We fit a mathematical model to data from forest-wide epizootics while constraining the model...AuthorsJoseph R. Mihaljevic, Carlos M. Polivka, Constance J. Mehmel, Chentong Li, Vanja Dukic, Greg DwyerSourceThe American Naturalist. 195(4): 616-635.Year2020
- Accurate predictions of how weather may affect a wildfire’s behavior are needed to protect crews on the line and efficiently allocate firefighting resources. Since 1988, fire meteorologists have used a tool called the Haines Index to predict days when the weather will exacerbate a wildfire. Although the Haines Index is widely believed to have value, it never received rigorous testing on the line. Even Don Haines, the U.S. Forest Service meteorologist who developed the index, has said the Haines Index needs further refinement.Recognizing that a new fire weather prediction tool was needed, a...AuthorsAndrea Watts, Brian Potter, Jay J. Charney, Alan SrockKeywordsSourceScience Findings 227. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 5 p.Year2020
- Large wildfires (>50,000 ha) are becoming increasingly common in semiarid landscapes of the western United States. Although fuel reduction treatments are used to mitigate potential wildfire effects, they can be overwhelmed in wind-driven wildfire events with extreme fire behavior. We evaluated drivers of fire severity and fuel treatment effectiveness in the 2014 Carlton Complex, a record-setting complex of wildfires in north-central Washington State. Across varied topography, vegetation, and distinct fire progressions, we used a combination of simultaneous autoregression (SAR) and random...AuthorsSusan J. Prichard, Nicholas Povak, Maureen C. Kennedy, David W. PetersonKeywordsSourceEcological Applications. 30(5): 1-22.Year2020
- Streamflow controls many freshwater and marine processes, including salinity profiles, sediment composition, fluxes of nutrients, and the timing of animal migrations. Watersheds that border the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) comprise over 400,000 km2 of largely pristine freshwater habitats and provide ecosystem services such as reliable fisheries for local and global food production. Yet no comprehensive watershed‐scale description of current temporal and spatial patterns of streamflow exists within the coastal GOA. This is an immediate need because the spatial distribution of future streamflow...AuthorsChristopher J. Sergeant, Jeffrey A. Falke, Rebecca A. Bellmore, J. Ryan Bellmore, Ryan L. CrumleySourceWater Resources Research. 56(2): 153-.Year2020
- Ecologists routinely fit complex models with multiple parameters of interest, where hundreds or more competing models are plausible. To limit the number of fitted models, ecologists often define a model selection strategy composed of a series of stages in which certain features of a model are compared while other features are held constant. Defining these multi-stage strategies requires making a series of decisions, which may potentially impact inferences, but have not been critically evaluated. We begin by identifying key features of strategies, introducing descriptive terms when they did...AuthorsDana J. Morin, Charles B. Yackulic, Jay E. Diffendorfer, Damon B. Lesmeister, Clayton K. Nielsen, Janice A. Reid, Eric M. SchauberKeywordsSourceEcosphere. 11(1): 421-.Year2020
- Five lichen species were evaluated as element-content pollution bioindicators for a pilot study in Wisconsin and adjacent U.S. states, using data for 20 elements. Goodquality elemental data for aluminum, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, nitrogen, and sulfur—mostly from nonspecialist U.S. Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis staff collections with extensively documented protocols—clearly indicated a site pollution load in the project area. The percentage of nearby land in forest was the strongest predictor for sample collection at study sites of the two most frequent species; such...AuthorsSusan Will-Wolf, Sarah Jovan, Michael C. Amacher, Paul L. PattersonKeywordsSourceGen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-985. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 178 p.Year2020