Treesearch

A simulation model was developed to estimate postfire changes in the production and value of grazing lands in the Northern Rocky Mountain-Intermountain region. Ecological information and management decisions were used to simulate expected changes in production and value after wildfire in six major rangeland types: permanent forested range (ponderosa pine), transitory range (Douglas-fir, larch, lodgepole pine, western white pine), mountain grassland, sagebrush, pinyon-juniper, and western hardwoods. Changes varied widely in quantity and duration among the range types. The largest decrease...

A cost-aggregation approach has been developed for determining the cost of Fire Management Inputs (FMls)-the direct fireline production units (personnel and equipment) used in initial attack and large-fire suppression activities. All components contributing to an FMI are identified, computed, and summed to estimate hourly costs. This approach can be applied to any FMI by any organization with fire protection responsibility. Significant cost differences were found not only among the three State fire organizations studied, but among the three administrative regions within the Forest Service....

Oak trees in California are subject to periodic burning by fire, but their trunks and crowns vary in tolerance to fire. And once burned, oaks are difficult to identify by species. Fifteen oak species grow in California. This report provides keys to identifying five species of southern California oaks: coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia Née), interior live oak (Q. wislizenii A. DC.), California black oak (Q. kelloggii Newb.), canyon live oak (Q. chrysolepis Liebm.), and California scrub oak (Q. dumosa Nutt.). For each species, the characteristics of leaves, acorns, and bark; response to...

Abundance, survival, and growth ofmamane (Sophora chrysophylla) regeneration were determined inside and outside sheep exclosures located in heavily browsed portions of the mamane forest of Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Vegetational cover of other species was estimated. Mamane grew abundantly inside 16-year-old exclosures but was sparse outside. Height class distributions indicated that feral sheep prevented establishment of regeneration. Survival of seedlings and sprouts at 2-year-old exclosures was greater inside than outside. The largest difference between survival inside and outside was found...

Using aerial photographs taken in 1954, 1965, and 1975, percentage of tree cover was determined for three sections of the sheep- and cattle-grazed mamane (Sophora chrysophylla) forest of Mauna Kea, Hawaii. In one section, the Ka 'ohe Game Management Area, where grazing by sheep was judged light, tree cover increased slightly during the 21-yr period, and tree cover did not change significantly along an elevation gradient. This condition was probably the result of the predominance of naio (Myoporum sandwicense) trees, which are not as palatable as mamane and, therefore, are less sensitive to...

Management of feral and Mouflon sheep and feral goats within the Mauna Kea Forest Reserve/Game Management area has been criticized as inadequate to prevent the adverse environmental impact which these introduced herbivores have on native components of the scrub forest ecosystem. This study determined the intensity of bark stripping of mamane (Sophora chrysophylla), a small endemic leguminous tree, by these animals and assessed the impact of their browsing on the size class structure of mamane stands. In all but one of the 4 areas sampled, a high proportion of mamane trees bore bark...

Local volume tables for Pacific madrone (Arbutus menziesii Pursh), tanoak (Lithocarpus densifiorus [Hook. & Am.] Rehd.), and California black oak (Quercus kelloggii Newb.), developed from data recorded by an optical dendrometer, are presented by 1-inch diameter classes in the range of 3 to 30 inches. Cubic volume tables are given for each species to treetop. and to a 4-inch diameter top. For Scribner board-foot volume. a similar table to a 4-inch top is provided. The tables apply to trees in the northern Sierra Nevada and, possibly, in the southern Cascade Range where site quality generally...

A trial planting to compare the biomass production of 9 tree species was established in May 1979. Species compared were Acacia melanoxylon, Casuarina cunninghamiana, Casuarina equisitifolia, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. dalrympleana, E. regnans, Populus hybrid, and Taxodium distichum. E. globulus was substituted for E. regnans when the latter failed to survive. E. camaldulensis and E. dalrympleana were superior to all other species. Other commercial plantings have been established in the intermediate and interior valleys of Riverside and San Diego Counties. Eucalyptus species included in...