Co-Management of Fire Risk Transmission (CoMFRT)
CoMFRT is a research-management partnership that works with communities using a shared learning approach to identify strategies to build resilience.
Wildfires do not stop at boundaries. Whether it’s public or private land, increasing the resilience of people and property to wildfire involves everyone who is at risk, as well as those who make decisions about risk in fire-prone landscapes. The Partnership represents a diverse group of coordinated researchers, fire managers in the field, and national and state policymakers.
Social science can build relevant, actionable knowledge of wildfire through research on human behavior, institutions and governance, community dynamics, and social networks.
The CoMFRT Project was funded by the USDA Forest Service, State and Private Forestry, and the Rocky Mountain Research Station.
Partnership Objectives
- Identify innovative, cross-boundary approaches to co-manage risk in fire-prone landscapes;
- Highlight ways that improve capacity to co-manage risk in different social and ecological conditions; and
- Provide recommendations to inform strategic investments that will improve the wildland fire system, sustain communities, and conserve the land
Initial CoMFRT project research questions
- What strategies to address wildfire risk take into account community diversity and work effectively across different social contexts?
- What institutional relationships and mechanisms allow people to work together to share and co-manage risk?
- How can agencies and communities build capacity for cross-boundary and adaptive governance, and for collaboration?
- How is knowledge used to address and enable adaptation to cross-boundary wildfire risk?
CoMFRT partnership structure
The CoMFRT research team is organized into six subteams and includes individuals from several universities and the USDA Forest Service. Each CoMFRT subteam engages with individuals and organizations active in wildfire management and other Partnership subteams to investigate cross-boundary wildfire risk management.
The CoMFRT research team works together with the community using an integrated “deep dive” approach at each study site. By studying households, communities, networks, local governance, and other facets of the landscape and community and how they operate together, CoMFRT creates a holistic understanding of each area that’s never been seen before.
Study sites
Fire-prone landscapes, or hotspots (circled below in blue), were first identified using a west-wide model designed to identify areas with an especially high risk of wildfire transmission from USFS-managed lands to private property. From these hotspots, North Central Washington was selected as the first study site followed by the Washach area of Utah.
Management-relevant science
The aim of the CoMFRT Partnership is to co-produce it in collaboration with the USDA Forest Service, and our local and regional partners. Co-production is an iterative research process that brings together partners with different expertise, from within academia and beyond, to develop research tailored to a specific context and problem. By engaging in co-production, the CoMFRT project recognizes that academics need to work in collaboration with the various people and agencies working on wildfire to understand the complex management issues presented by growing wildfire risk. The CoMFRT research team has adopted the co-production approach and acknowledges that their work must be informed by the talented managers who regularly grapple with wildfire risk.
The overarching direction of the CoMFRT project is co-produced through a series of conversations between the project research team and partners from the Fire and Aviation branch of the USDA Forest Service. The research team then works with local and regional partners to ensure that the research is meaningful to them, and will provide useful insights for partners working to manage wildfire risk both within project study sites and beyond.
Why co-production?
- Integrates multiple perspectives
- Builds relationships and networks
- Facilitates shared learning
- Develops targeted research
- Enables learning from local context
- Draws on relevant theoretical insights
- Creates active engagement between research and decision-making

There is no such thing as a universal solution to the challenges of wildfire management. Consequently, the CoMFRT Partnership explores what people and organizations in different fire-prone landscapes can do and have done to collectively mitigate wildfire risk across land ownerships and jurisdictions.
CoMFRT draws on different social science perspectives and practitioner knowledge to explore what people and organizations have done and can in different political, cultural, and geographic contexts to manage landscapes for resilience.
Supporting the National Cohesive Strategy
The CoMFRT project supports the National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy and hazardous fuels program of the USDA Forest Service by contributing to the following goals:
- Identify innovative, cross-boundary landscape-scale approaches to managing wildfire hazards;
- Improve public and private collaborative capacity to address fire risk in different communities and contexts;
- Increase both the ecological and social resilience and reduce risk to communities from wildfire; and
- Increase effectiveness of hazardous fuels investments.
The complexities of wildland fire today
- Wildfires can burn across landscapes without regard to ownership or jurisdiction.
- Whether it’s public or private land, reducing the exposure of people and property to wildfire involves all who are at risk and all those who make decisions about risk in fire-prone landscapes.
- As the scale of wildfires grows, the scale of cross-boundary planning and management needs to expand accordingly.
- The complex suite of components important to wildfire can be represented as the wildland fire system - a complex social and ecological system that assembles in unique ways in different places and drives outcomes in the wildland fire environment.
- Shared stewardship is about working together in an integrated way to make decisions and take actions toward shared goals.
Summary Reports and Documents
- Introduction to the CoMFRT Partnership
- CoMFRT Summary Report 2018-2022
- FY2022 CoMFRT Project Strategic Plan Report
- CoMFRT at a Glance
Progress reports
- FY2018 Progress Report
- FY2019 Sub-team Progress Report: Landscape Social Network Mapping
- FY2019 Sub-team Progress Report: Wildland Fire Governance
- FY2019 Sub-team Progress Report: Community Case Studies
- FY2019 Sub-team Progress Report: WiRē Residential Risk Assessment
- FY2022 Progress Report
North Central Washington Workshop Posters
Key Personnel
-
Person
David Flores, PhD
Research Social Scientisthttps://research.fs.usda.gov/about/people/david.flores2 -
Person
Daniel R. Williams, PhD
Emeritus Scientisthttps://research.fs.usda.gov/about/people/daniel.r.williams -
Person
Miranda H. Mockrin, PhD
Research Scientisthttps://research.fs.usda.gov/about/people/miranda.h.mockrin
Collaborators
Max Nielsen-Pincus, Portland State University
Laurie Yung, University of Montana
Catrin Edgeley, Northern Arizona University
Cody Evers, Portland State University
Travis Paveglio, University of Idaho
Richelle Winkler, Michigan Tech University