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- Plants endemic to the Caribbean region have evolved in response to hurricanes. These natural phenomena appear to be more frequent and more intense in the Caribbean region, which requires the study and understanding of their influence on responses by these plants - particularly if rare and with limited geographic distribution within the region - as a priority for conservation. We took advantage of long-term monitoring studies at the Luquillo Experimental Forest/El Yunque National Forest in Puerto Rico to evaluate the short-term changes in population size and the distribution oflife stages...AuthorsRayza M. Hernández Muñiz, Elvia J. Meléndez Ackerman, Raymond L. Tremblay, Omar A. Monsegur RiveraKeywordsSourceActa CientíficaYear2021
- Tropical ecosystems are expected to experience climate warming, with predicted increases in drying and heat extremes in the coming years. Understanding how these changes will affect terrestrial vertebrates such as amphibians is limited. The Tropical Responses to Altered Climate Experiment in the Luquillo Experimental Forest in northeastern Puerto Rico allows us to study how the tropical forest responds to warming within a replicated plot design. From September 2018 to August 2019, we used mark-recapture sampling to investigate how the spatial population ecology of the common coqui frog...AuthorsT.J. Hawley Matlaga, P.A. Burrowes, R. Hernández-Pacheco, J. Pena, C. Sutherland, Tana E. WoodSourceClimate Change EcologyYear2021
- Fine-resolution satellite imagery is needed for characterizing dry-season phenology in tropical forests since many tropical forests are very spatially heterogeneous due to their diverse species and environmental background. However, fine-resolution satellite imagery, such as Landsat, has a 16-day revisit cycle that makes it hard to obtain a high-quality vegetation index time series due to persistent clouds in tropical regions. To solve this challenge, this study explored the feasibility of employing a series of advanced technologies for reconstructing a high-quality Landsat time series...AuthorsXiaolin Zhu, Eileen Helmer, David Gwenzi, Melissa Collin, Sean Fleming, Jiaqi Tian, Humfredo Marcano-Vega, Elvia J. Meléndez-Ackerman, Jess K. ZimmermanSourceRemote SensingYear2021
- The “hierarchy of factors” hypothesis states that decomposition rates are controlled primarily by climatic, followed by biological and soil variables. Tropical montane forests (TMF) are globally important ecosystems, yet there have been limited efforts to provide a biome-scale characterization of litter decomposition. We designed a common litter decomposition experiment replicated in 23 tropical montane sites across the Americas, Asia, and Africa and combined these results with a previous study of 23 sites in tropical lowland forests (TLF). Specifically, we investigated (1) spatial...AuthorsRebecca Ostertag, Carla Restrepo, James W. Dalling, Patrick H. Martin, Iveren Abiem, Shin‐ichiro Aiba, Esteban Alvarez‐Dávila, Roxana Aragón, Michelle Ataroff, Hazel Chapman, Augusta Y. Cueva‐Agila, Belen Fadrique, Romina D. Fernández, Grizelle Gonzalez, Sybil G. Gotsch, Achim Häger, Jürgen Homeier, Carlos Iñiguez‐Armijos, Luis Daniel Llambí, Georgianne W. Moore, Rikke Reese Næsborg, Laura Nohemy Poma López, Patrícia Vieira Pompeu, Jennifer R. Powell, Jorge Andrés Ramírez Correa, Klara Scharnagl, Conrado Tobón, Cameron B. WilliamsKeywordsSourceBiotropicaYear2021
- Droughts in a warming climate have become more common and more extreme, making understanding forest responses to water stress increasingly pressing. Analysis of water stress in trees has long focused on water potential in xylem and leaves, which influences stomatal closure and water flow through the soil-plant- atmosphere continuum. At the same time, changes of vegetation water content (VWC) are linked to a range of tree responses, including fluxes of water and carbon, mortality, flammability, and more. Unlike water potential, which requires demanding in situ measurements, VWC can be...AuthorsAlexandra G. Konings, Sassan S. Saatchi, Christian Frankenberg, Michael Keller, Victor Leshyk, William R. L. Anderegg, Vincent Humphrey, Ashley M. Matheny, Anna Trugman, Lawren Sack, Elizabeth Agee, Mallory L. Barnes, Oliver Binks, Kerry Cawse‐Nicholson, Bradley O. Christoffersen, Dara Entekhabi, Pierre Gentine, Nataniel M. Holtzman, Gabriel G. Katul, Yanlan Liu, Marcos Longo, Jordi Martinez‐Vilalta, Nate McDowell, Patrick Meir, Maurizio Mencuccini, Assaad Mrad, Kimberly Novick, Rafael S. Oliveira, Paul Siqueira, Susan C. Steele‐Dunne, David R. Thompson, Yujie Wang, Richard Wehr, Jeffrey D. Wood, Xiangtao Xu, Pieter A. ZuidemaKeywordsSourceGlobal Change BiologyYear2021
- Springs are ecosystems influenced by the exposure of groundwater at the Earth's surface. Springs are abundant and have played important, highly interactive ecological, cultural, and socio-economic roles in arid, mesic, and subaqueous environments throughout human evolution and history. However, springs also are widely regarded as being highly threatened by human impacts. Cantonati et al. (2020a) recommended increased global awareness of springs, including basic mapping, inventory and assessment of the distribution and ecological integrity of springs. We conducted a preliminary global...Authors., Lawrence E. Stevens, Anwar A. Aly, Sarah M. Arpin, Iva Apostolova, Gail M. Ashley, Paulo Quadri Barba, Jose Barquín, Aude Beauger, Lahcen Benaabidate, Sami Ullah Bhat, Lhoussaine Bouchaou, Marco Cantonati, Teresa M. Carroll, Russell Death, Kathleen A. Dwire, Miguel Fernandes Felippe, Roderick J. Fensham, Alan E. Fryar, Roger Pascual i Garsaball, Vojsava Gjoni, Douglas S. Glazier, Nico Goldscheider, Joseph T. Gurrieri, Ragnhildur Guðmundsdóttir, Atzalan Rodriguez Guzman, Michal Hájek, Kristian Hassel, Tamara Heartsill Scalley, Jaume Solé i Herce, Dirk Hinterlang, Joseph H. Holway, Jari Ilmonen, Jeffrey Jenness, Jutta Kapfer, Ioannis Karaouzas, Robert L. Knight, Agnes-Katharina Kreiling, Christian Herrera Lameli, Jeri D. Ledbetter, Nataly Levine, Melinda D. Lyons, Robert E. Mace, Angeliki Mentzafou, Pierre Marle, Nils Moosdorf, Monica K. Norton, Allan Pentecost, Guillermo García Pérez, Bianca Perla, Abdullah A. Saber, Donald Sada, Stefano Segadelli, Kamilla Skaalsveen, Abraham E. Springer, Susan K. Swanson, Benjamin F. Schwartz, Peter Sprouse, Memory Tekere, Benjamin W. Tobin, Ernest Azwindini Tshibalo, Olivier VoldoireKeywordsSourceEarth Systems and Environmental Sciences,Reference Module, ElsevierYear2021
- Many studies have investigated the impacts of typhoons on natural vegetation, but the influencing factor of urban vegetation damage from super typhoon is not clear. Therefore, this study investigated the vegetation damage patterns in eight cities affected by Typhoon Mangkhut (the 2nd strongest tropical storm worldwide in 2018 using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from Sentinel-2 images. The vegetation damage maps have an overall accuracy of 97% using the very high-resolution WorldView-3 images as reference data. The results show that (1) The typhoon-induced...AuthorsShuai Xu, Xiaolin Zhu, Eileen Helmer, Xiaoyue Tan, Jiaqi Tian, Xuehong ChenKeywordsSourceInternational Journal of Applied Earth Observation and GeoinformationYear2021
- Citizen science, also known as participatory research, combines the efforts of professional researchers and community volunteers to collect data. We have established one such collaborative project in eastern North Carolina, near the 79,000-acre Hofmann Forest, called the Hofmann Open-Water Laboratory (HOWL) citizen science project. The White Oak River, New River, and Trent River all flow out of the Hofmann. The Hofmann is an ecological keystone in the region, acting as a natural filtration system for harmful runoff that occurs in the coastal plain of North Carolina. Our purposes for this...AuthorsMeredith Hovis, Frederick Cubbage, Madhusudan Katti, Kathleen McGinleyYear2021
- We describe the rationale and framework for developing scenarios of positive urban futures. The scenario framework is conducted in participatory workshop settings and composed of three distinct scenario approaches that are used to (1) explore potential outcomes of existing planning goals (strategic scenarios), (2) articulate visions that address pressing resilience challenges (adaptive scenarios), and (3) envision radical departures from the status quo in the pursuit of sustainability and equity (transformative scenarios). A series of creative and analytical processes are used to engage...AuthorsDavid M. Iwaniec, Marta Berbés-Blázquez, Elizabeth M. Cook, Nancy B. Grimm, Lelani M. Mannetti, Timon McPhearson, Tischa A. A. MunozKeywordsYear2021
- Hurricane Maria, a Category 4 storm, snapped and uprooted canopy trees, removed large branches, and defoliated vegetation across Puerto Rico. The magnitude of forest damages and the rates and mechanisms of forest recovery following Maria provide important benchmarks for understanding the ecology of extreme events. We used airborne Lidar data acquired before (2017) and after Maria (2018, 2020) to quantify landscape-scale changes in forest structure along a 439-ha elevational gradient (100-800 m) in the Luquillo Experimental Forest. Damages from Maria were widespread, with 73% of the study...AuthorsVeronika Leitold, Douglas C. Morton, Sebastián Martinuzzi, Ian Paynter, María Uriarte, Michael Keller, António Ferraz, Bruce D. Cook, Lawrence A. Corp, Grizelle GonzalezKeywordsSourceEcosystemsYear2021