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- The mangroves of Puerto Rico occupy a gradient of urbanization that offers a chance to test hypotheses on urban faunal communities. These hypotheses state that urban avifaunal communities have greater representation by generalists and that certain mangrove specialists can utilize urban landscapes. Much of this is said to be driven by food resources, with frugivores and nectarivores benefiting from abundant residential flowers and fruits, while insectivores are driven away by low food resources. This study used passive acoustic monitoring to identify the audible anuran and avifaunal species...AuthorsBenjamin L. Branoff, Marconi Campos-CerqueiraKeywordsSourceFrontiers in Marine ScienceYear2021
- Climate change is altering the spatial distribution of many species around the world. In response, we need to identify and protect suitable areas for a large proportion of the fauna so that they persist through time. This exercise must also evaluate the ability of existing protected areas to provide safe havens for species in the context of climate change. Here, we combined passive acoustic monitoring, semi-automatic species identification models, and species distribution models of 21 bird and frog species based on past (1980–1989), present (2005–2014), and future (2040–2060) climate...AuthorsMarconi Campos-Cerqueira, Adam J. Terando, Brent A. Murray, Jaime A. Collazo, T. Mitchell. AideKeywordsSourceBiodiversity and ConservationYear2021
- Urban resilience has gained considerable popularity in planning and policy to address cities’ capacity to cope with climate change. While many studies discuss the different ways that academics define resilience, little attention has been given to how resilience is conceptualized across different urban contexts and among the actors that engage in building resilience ‘on the ground’. Given the implications that resilience frames can have for the solutions that are pursued (and who benefits from them), it is important to examine how transformative definitions of urban resilience are in...AuthorsTischa A. A. Munoz, Sara Meerow, Robert Hobbins, Elizabeth Cook, David M. Iwaniec, Marta Berbés-Blázquez, Nancy B. Grimm, Allain Barnett, Jan Cordero, Changdeok Gim, Thaddeus R. Miller, Fernando Tandazo-Bustamante, Agustín Robles-MoruaKeywordsSourceLandscape and Urban PlanningYear2021
- Resilient urban futures provides a social–ecological–technological systems (SETS) perspective on promoting and understanding resilience. This chapter introduces the concepts, research, and practice of urban resilience from the Urban Resilience to Extremes Sustainability Research Network (UREx SRN). It describes conceptual and methodological approaches to address how cities experience extreme weather events, adapt to climate resilience challenges, and can transform toward sustainable and equitable futures.AuthorsDavid M. Iwaniec, Nancy B. Grimm, Timon McPhearson, Marta Berbés-Blázquez, Elizabeth M. Cook, Tischa A. A. MunozKeywordsYear2021
- Tropical forests are expected to experience unprecedented warming and increases in hurricane disturbances in the coming decades; yet, our understanding of how these productive systems, especially their belowground component, will respond to the combined effects of varied environmental changes remains empirically limited. Here we evaluated the responses of root dynamics (production, mortality, and biomass) to soil and understory warming (+4 °C) and after two consecutive tropical hurricanes in our in situwarming experiment in a tropical forest of Puerto Rico: Tropical Responses to Altered...AuthorsDaniela Yaffar, Tana E. Wood, Sasha C. Reed, Benjamin L. Branoff, Molly A. Cavaleri, Richard J. NorbyKeywordsSourceGlobal Change BiologyYear2021
- Habitability has been generally defined as the capability of an environment to support life. Ecologists have been using Habitat Suitability Models (HSMs) for more than four decades to study the habitability of Earth from local to global scales. Astrobiologists have been proposing different habitability models for some time, with lit-tle integration and consistency among them, being different in function to those used by ecologists. Habitability models are not only used to determine whether environments are habitable, but they also are used to characterize what key factors are responsible...AuthorsAbel Méndez, Edgard G. Rivera-Valentín, Dirk Schulze-Makuch, Justin Filiberto, Ramses M. Ramírez, Tana E. Wood, Alfonso Dávila, Chris McKay, Kevin N. Ortiz Ceballos, Marcos Jusino-Maldonado, Nicole J. Torres-Santiago, Guillermo Nery, René Heller, Paul K. Byrne, Michael J. Malaska, Erica Nathan, Marta Filipa Simões, André Antunes, Jesús Martínez-Frías, Ludmila Carone, Noam R. Izenberg, Dimitra Atri, Humberto Itic Carvajal Chitty, Priscilla Nowajewski-Barra, Frances Rivera-Hernández, Corine Y. Brown, Kennda L. Lynch, David Catling, Jorge I Zuluaga, Juan F. Salazar, Howard Chen, Grizelle Gonzalez, Madhu Kashyap Jagadeesh, Jacob Haqq-MisraKeywordsSourceAstrobiologyYear2021
- Tropical forests are the largest contributors to global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere via soil respiration (Rs). As such, identifying the main controls on Rsin tropical forests is essential for accurately projecting the consequences of ongoing and future global environmental changes to the global C cycle. We measured hourly Rsin a secondary tropical moist forest in Puerto Rico over a 3-year period to (a) quantify the magnitude of Rsand (b) identify the role of climatic, substrate, and nutrient controls on the seasonality of Rs. Across 3 years of measurements, mean...AuthorsOmar Gutiérrez del Arroyo, Tana E. WoodKeywordsSourceEcology and EvolutionYear2021
- AuthorsJohn Worden, Sassan Saatchi, Michael Keller, A. Anthony Bloom, Junjie Liu, Nicholas Parazoo, Joshua B. Fisher, Kevin Bowman, John T. Reager, Kristen Fahy, David Schimel, Rong Fu, Sarah Worden, Yi Yin, Pierre Gentine, Alexandra G. Konings, Gregory R. Quetin, Mathew Williams, Helen Worden, Mingjie Shi, Armineh BarkhordarianSourceReviews of GeophysicsYear2021
- AuthorsEric B. Gorgens, Matheus H. Nunes, Tobias Jackson, David Coomes, Michael Keller, Cristiano R. Reis, Ruben Valbuena, Jacqueline Rosette, Danilo R. A. Almeida, Bruno Gimenez, Roberta Cantinho, Alline Z. Motta, Mauro Assis, Francisca R. Souza Pereira, Gustavo Spanner, Niro Higuchi, Jean Pierre. OmettoSourceGlobal Change BiologyYear2021
- Tropical forest canopies cycle vast amounts of carbon, yet we still have a limited understanding of how these critical ecosystems will respond to climate warming. We implemented in situ leaf-level + 3°C experimental warming from the understory to the upper canopy of two Puerto Rican tropical tree species, Guarea guidoniaand Ocotea sintenisii. After approximately 1 month of continuous warming, we assessed adjustments in photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal conductance, leaf traits and foliar respiration. Warming did not alter net photosynthetic temperature response for either...AuthorsKelsey R. Carter, Tana E. Wood, Sasha C. Reed, Kaylie M. Butts, Molly A. CavaleriSourcePlant, Cell & EnvironmentYear2021