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- Managing wildlife populations in the face of global change requires regular data on the abundance and distribution of wild animals, but acquiring these over appropriate spatial scales in a sustainable way has proven challenging. Here we present the data from Snapshot USA 2020, a second annual national mammal survey of the USA. This project involved 152 scientists setting camera traps in a standardized protocol at 1485 locations across 103 arrays in 43 states for a total of 52,710 trap-nights of survey effort. Most (58) of these arrays were also sampled during the same months (September and...AuthorsMark J. Jordan, L. Mark Elbroch, Dylan Bergman, Sara Cendejas‐Zarelli, Kim Sager‐Fradkin, Mike Conner, Gail Morris, Elizabeth Parsons, Haydée Hernández‐Yáñez, William J. McShea, Roland Kays, Michael V Cove, Jose Diaz, Kimberly Todd, Claire Bresnan, Matt Snider, Thomas E. Lee, Jonathan G. Jasper, Brianna Douglas, Anthony P. Crupi, Katherine C. B. Weiss, Helen Rowe, Tiffany Sprague, Jan Schipper, Christopher A. Lepczyk, Jean E. Fantle‐Lepczyk, Jon Davenport, Marketa Zimova, Zach Farris, Jacque Williamson, M. Caitlin Fisher‐Reid, Drew Rezendes, Sean M. King, Petros Chrysafis, Alex J. Jensen, David S. Jachowski, Katherine C. King, Daniel J. Herrera, Sophie Moore, Marius van der Merwe, Jason V Lombardi, Maksim Sergeyev, Michael E. Tewes, Robert V Horan, Michael S. Rentz, Ace Driver, La Roy S. E. Brandt, Christopher Nagy, Peter Alexander, Sean P. Maher, Andrea K. Darracq, Evan G. Barr, George Hess, Stephen L. Webb, Mike D. Proctor, John P. Vanek, Diana J. R. Lafferty, Tru Hubbard, Jaime E. Jiménez, Craig McCain, Jorie Favreau, Jack Fogarty, Jacob Hill, Steven Hammerich, Morgan Gray, Christine C. Rega‐Brodsky, Caleb Durbin, Elizabeth A. Flaherty, Jarred Brooke, Stephanie S. Coster, Richard G. Lathrop, Katarina Russell, Daniel A. Bogan, Hila Shamon, Brigit Rooney, Aimee Rockhill, Robert C. Lonsinger, M. Teague O'Mara, Justin A. Compton, Erika L. Barthelmess, Katherine E. Andy, Jerrold L. Belant, Tyler Petroelje, Nathaniel H. Wehr, Dean E. Beyer, Daniel G. Scognamillo, Chris Schalk, Kara Day, Caroline N. Ellison, Chip Ruthven, Blaine Nunley, Sarah Fritts, Christopher A. Whittier, Sean A. Neiswenter, Robert Pelletier, Brett A. DeGregorio, Erin K. Kuprewicz, Miranda L. Davis, Carolina Baruzzi, Marcus A. Lashley, Brandon McDonald, David Mason, Derek R. Risch, Maximilian L. Allen, Laura S. Whipple, Jinelle H. Sperry, Emmarie Alexander, Patrick J. Wolff, Robert H. Hagen, Alessio Mortelliti, Amay Bolinjcar, Andrew M. Wilson, Scott Van Norman, Cailey Powell, Henry Coletto, Martha Schauss, Helen Bontrager, James Beasley, Susan N. Ellis‐Felege, Summer H. LaRose, Samuel R. Wehr, Sean T. Giery, Charles E. Pekins, Ronald S. Revord, Christopher P. Hansen, Lonnie Hansen, Joshua J. Millspaugh, Adam Zorn, Brian D. Gerber, Kylie Rezendes, Jessie Adley, Jennifer Sevin, Austin M. Green, Çağan H. Şekercioğlu, Mary E. Pendergast, Kayleigh Mullen, Tori Bird, Andrew J. Edelman, Andrea Romero, Brian J. O'Neill, Noel Schmitz, Rebecca A. Vandermus, Jesse M. Alston, Kellie M. Kuhn, Steven C. Hasstedt, Damon B. Lesmeister, Cara L. Appel, Christopher Rota, Jennifer L. Stenglein, Christine Anhalt‐Depies, Carrie L. Nelson, Robert A. Long, Kathryn R. RemineKeywordsSourceEcology. e3775.Year2022
- The removal of dams from rivers has become a common and widespread practice in the United States and Europe. Although often initiated by factors like economics and safety, ecosystem restoration is often a desired benefit and outcome of dam removal. We describe the physical and ecological effects that the placement and removal of dams have on rivers. We then focus on the drivers of dam removal, present considerations for undertaking a dam removal project, and discuss case-studies and recent syntheses describing the ecological outcomes of dam removal.AuthorsJeffrey Duda, J. Ryan BellmoreSourceEncyclopedia of Inland Waters, Elsevier. 2:576-585.Year2022
- For over two decades, Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification for community forestry has occurred in tropical countries. However, community forests represent just over 1% of the total FSC-certified forest area worldwide. Certification can promote more socially and environmentally responsible forest management while delivering economic returns to communities, but communities face challenges to obtaining, maintaining, and benefiting from it. Our analysis of the published literature finds that community forestry certification delivers many social and environmental benefits, often more...AuthorsSusan Charnley, Shoana Humphries, Gretchen Engbring, Gregory E. FreyKeywordsSourceSmall-scale Forestry. 17(1): 1-27.Year2022
- In Africa, forest tenure reform to decentralize forest management from central governments to local communities has been occurring since the 1990s to promote forest conservation, poverty alleviation, and sustainable forest-based livelihoods. African governments and donor organizations continue to invest in community forestry, raising the question of what contributes to "success." The present study examines social, economic, and biophysical factors that contribute to success, or lack thereof, in community forestry in southeastern Tanzania. There, community forest enterprises produce...AuthorsSusan Charnley, Gregory E. Frey, Jasper MakalaKeywordsSourceEcology and Society. 27(3):6.Year2022
- In the United States, the forest products industry loses an estimated $500 million to $1 billion annually to illegal logging. Once illegally harvested wood is removed from the forest, it’s difficult for USDA Forest Service law enforcement to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the wood was illegally harvested. The use of DNA is a recent development that can help law enforcement determine if wood is illegally sourced. Researchers Rich Cronn and Laura Hauck with the Forest Service’s Pacific Northwest Research Station developed DNA forensic protocols to evaluate bigleaf maple wood products...AuthorsAndrea Watts, Richard Cronn, Laura HauckKeywordsSourceScience Findings 250. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 6 p.Year2022
- Alaska is a land of extremes. This includes its climate, which ranges from mild to maritime in its southeast, to arctic in its northern slope. Alaska is also at the forefront of experiencing changes in climate and climate variability, including higher temperatures and more precipitation. Over the past century, changes in climate have already led to a longer growing season that has expanded areas suitable for agricultural production. Along with improving opportunities for agricultural production, climate change will also bring challenges, such as increased risks of invasive species, pests,...AuthorsHolly R. Prendeville, Paris EdwardsKeywordsSourceGen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-1002. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 134 p.Year2022
- An estimated 128 M trees died during the 2012–2016 California drought, largely in the southern Sierra Nevada Range. Prescribed burning and mechanical thinning are widely used to reduce fuels and restore ecosystem properties, but it is unclear if these treatments improve tree growth and vigor during extreme drought. This study examined tree growth responses after thinning, prescribed burning, and extreme drought at the Teakettle Experimental Forest, a historically frequent fire mixed-conifer forest in the southern Sierra Nevada of California, USA. Mechanical thinning (no thin, understory...AuthorsHarold Zald, Chance C. Callahan, Matthew D. Hurteau, Marissa J. Goodwin, Malcolm P. NorthKeywordsSourceForest Ecology and Management. 510(3): 120107.Year2022
- Mountain watersheds often contain a mosaic of glacier-, snow-, and rain-fed streams that have distinct hydrologic, temperature, and biogeochemical regimes. However, as glaciers diminish and precipitation shifts from snow to rain, the physical and chemical characteristics that make glacial or snowmelt streams distinct from rain-fed streams will fade. Among the unforeseen consequences of this hydrologic homogenization could be the loss of unique food webs that sustain aquatic consumers. To explore the impacts of a melting cryosphere on stream food webs, we parameterized an aquatic food web...AuthorsJ. Ryan Bellmore, Jason B. Fellman, Eran Hood, Matthew R. Dunkle, Richard T. EdwardsKeywordsSourceGlobal Change Biology. 28(16): 4807-4818.Year2022
- Degraded floodplains and valley floors are restored with the goal of enhancing habitat for native fish and aquatic-riparian biota and the protection or improvement of water quality. Recent years have seen a shift toward “process-based restoration” that is intended to reestablish compromised ecogeomorphic processes resulting from site- or watershed-scale degradation. One form of process-based restoration has developed in the Pacific Northwest, United States, that is intended to reconnect rivers to their floodplains by slowing down flows of sediment, water, and nutrients to encourage lateral...AuthorsRebecca Flitcroft, William R. Brignon, Brian Staab, J. Ryan Bellmore, Jonathan Burnett, Paul Burns, Brian Cluer, Guillermo Giannico, Joseph M. Helstab, Jeremy Jennings, Christopher Mayes, Celeste Mazzacano, Lauren Mork, Kate Meyer, Jay Munyon, Brooke Penaluna, Paul Powers, Daniel N. Scott, Steve WondzellKeywordsSourceFrontiers in Environmental Science. 10:892268.Year2022
- This is the fourth in a series of periodic monitoring reports on status and trends of forests used by northern spotted owls (Strix occidentalis caurina; NSO) for nesting, roosting, and dispersal on federally administered lands within the Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) area (NSO range in the United States) since its implementation in 1994. The objective of this monitoring is to determine if federal forest lands are providing sufficient conservation of forests that are important elements of NSO habitat, and thus populations. Here we present models on the amount, distribution, and spatial...AuthorsRaymond J. Davis, Damon B. Lesmeister, Zhiqiang Yang, Bruce Hollen, Bridgette Tuerler, Jeremy Hobson, John Guetterman, Andrew StrattonKeywordsSourceGen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-1003. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 38 p. https://doi.org/10.2737/PNW-GTR-1003.Year2022