Treesearch

Ratios are presented for estimating volume and characteristics of logging residue in Montana. They relate cubic-foot volume of residue to thousand board feet of timber harvested and to acres harvested. Tables show gross and net volume of residue, with and without bark, by diameter and length classes; by number of pieces per acre; by percent soundness; by product potential; and by degree of slope and distance to roads.

A study established in 83-year-old, even-aged stands of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) at Cascade Head Experimental Forest in the Siuslaw National Forest on the Oregon coast traces their development for 33 years. Statistical data collected from 12 permanent sample plots during four periods of growth illustrate the tremendous productive capacity of the Sitka sprucewestern hemlock type.

A total of 496 logs from lodgepole pine (Pinus contorts Dougl. ex Loud.) trees killed by the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk.) were compared with 189 logs from similar live trees. Logs were processed through a stud mill. In most cases lumber recovery from trees dead 1 to 3 years was the same as that from live trees. Less cubic volume was recovered from trees dead 4 or more years. Recovery tables and curves are shown.

The volume and character of woody material on the ground in four old-growth Douglas-fir cutting units in the Cascade Range in Oregon were determined before and after harvesting by cable and yarding of unutilized material (YUM). Total volume of residue increased after logging in all units. Coarse residues were reduced by YUM yarding. Small changes in the defect condition of the timber can drastically affect the amount and character of the residues remaining on the site. Modifying bucking procedures can result in the removal of a considerable volume of usable residue.

The cost of harvesting and recovering round wood logs and whole-tree chips from small diameter lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) infested by mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus sp.) was studied in the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon in 1979. Mechanized harvest operations were conducted on six study sites totaling 134 acres. The average cost of producing chips was $31.30 per ton, wet, delivered 50 miles from harvest sites. The average cost of logs was $50.28 per ton, wet, delivered the same distance. A gross energy balance indicates that energy required by harvesting was about 3.4 percent of...

Replicated forest floor and surface soil (0–15 cm) samples were obtained from control plots at 160 field installations to western Washington and Oregon. Six year growth responses of thinned and unthinned Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] in stallations treated with 0, 224, and 448 kg of urea-N ha-1 were correlated with 18 forest floor and surface soil properties of the control plots. Correlations for response with respective forest fl oor and soil data were produced for levels of fertilizer application and both basal area and volume response. Observed and estimated...

Emission reduction has become an essential part of the effort to reduce air pollution from forest slash burning. The State of Washington has set a goal of reducing emissions by 35 percent by 1990, leaving the choice of emission reduction techniques to forest managers. Several thousand harvested areas are burned each year in the Northwest, encompassing a wide variety of physical and meteorological factors that determine the mass and duration of each pollutant source. Each burn is somehow unique; and no emission reduction technique is uniformly effective. A source strength model has been...

This paper describes an interactive policy analysis simulation system(IPASS) that can be used to analyze the long-term economic and demographic effects of alternative forest resource management policies. The IPASS model is a dynamic analytical tool that forecasts growth and development of an economy. It allows the user to introduce changes in selected parameters based on different assumptions about socioeconomic variables. The user can analyze the impact those changes would have on the economy by comparing results of the alternative situation with the original forecast. The program is...

A modified version of the DFSIM Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) growth and yield simulator, DFSIM WITH ECONOMICS, now has an economics option that allows the user to estimate present net worth at the same time a silvicultural regime is simulated. If desired, the economics option will apply a volume adjustment multiplier in yields used in the analysis to reflect application of small-plot research results to average operating conditions or to account for genetics or other local conditions..It can also account for salvage of mortality. Prices can be entered...

Preliminary information on general landscape patterns in southeast Alaska suggests that two major, compositionally distinct vegetation zones can be defined for the closed-forest type: western hemlock-Sitka spruce/Alaska huckleberry/bunchberry on the uplands, and Sitka spruce/devils club-salmonberry on alluvial flats and terraces. Recent clearcuts (0 to 30 years old) produce the most shrubby vegetation of any age class in the forest succession. Even-aged forests (30 to 150 years old) produce the least understory vegetation. Uneven aged, old-growth forests sustain the most structurally...