Treesearch

A new method, with heat as a tracer, was developed for measuring rate and direction of intragravel waterflow through salmon spawning gravel. A commercial flowmeter was calibrated in the laboratory under controlled environmental conditions. Flow measurements comparing the flowmeter with a dye-tracer method were made in an artificial stream channel at Young Bay and in two low-gradient streams at Trap Bay in southeast Alaska. The method requires a standpipe. Once the standpipe is in place, a flow reading can be taken in 3 to 5 minutes. The flowmeter response is linear for flow rates up to 150...

Soil penetration-resistance and soil-humus frequency were measured on 86 progeny-test plantations in southwestern Oregon to determine the effects of yarding method and slash treatment on soil compaction and humus, and a disturbance index was calculated for each plantation. Compaction and humus loss were more severe on tractor-yarded, machine-piled plantations than on cable-yarded, broadcast-burned plantations. Machine piling and burning of slash did not increase compaction or humus loss significantly more than broadcast burning on tractor-yarded plantations. Within-plantation variation in...

Observations of growth on Alaska-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis), mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), and western redcedar (Thuja plicata) on seven forest ecosystems in southeastern Alaska were used to develop equations relating periodic annual cubic-foot volume growth percent (Pv) to tree diameter at breast height and percentage of live-tree stocking. Results showed differences in productivity between and within forest ecosystem soil groups.

This report summarizes a 1986 multiresource forest inventory for Oahu, Hawaii. Tables and figures of forest area, timber volume, vegetation types, ownership, land classes, bird counts, and introduced plants are presented.

PLANS, a software package for integrated timber-harvest planning, uses digital terrain models to provide the topographic data needed to fit harvest and transportation designs to specific terrain. SKYTOWER and SKYMOBILE are integral programs in the PLANS package and are used to design the timber-harvest units for skyline systems. SKYTOWER determines skyline payloads and spans for towers operating in fan-shaped settings from large central landings. The maximum yarding limit for each profile in groups of 18 circularly arranged yarding corridors is displayed after a landing is digitized on the...

PLANS, a software package for integrated timber-harvest planning, uses digital terrain models to provide the topographic data needed to fit harvest and transportation designs to specific terrain. HIGHLEAD, an integral program in the PLANS package, is used to design the timber-harvest units to be yarded by highlead systems. It solves for the yarding limits of direct mainline pull to the top of the tower by assuming that the angle of pull must be equal to or greater than the slope of the ground. The ground is sampled through a system of 18 uniformly spaced corridor profiles that radiate from...

The RAPID (riparian aerial photographic inventory of disturbance) technique is a method for using measurements made on aerial photographs of patterns of riparian canopy disturbance to evaluate changes in channel conditions through time and to link such changes with their possible upstream causes. The RAPID technique provides resource specialists and managers with a relatively quick way of identifying stream reaches that are chronically or recently disturbed by a variety of channel processes, including increased peak flows and sedimentation from point and nonpoint sources. With examples...

Three market-based methods for estimating values of sport fishing were compared by using a common data base. The three approaches were the travel-cost method, the hedonic travel-cost method, and the household-production method. A theoretical comparison of the resulting values showed that the results were not fully comparable in several ways. The comparison of empirical results showed differences in values not easily accounted for on theoretical grounds. The data base was not designed to provide data for all three methods, and some of the resulting models explain only a small proportion of...

This paper presents an improved version of BDEN, an interactive computer program written in FORTRAN 77 that will calculate soil bulk density and moisture percentage by weight and volume. Calculations allow for deducting coarse fragment weight and volume. The program will also summarize the resulting data by giving the mean, standard deviation, and 95-percent confidence interval for one or more groupings of data.

Gravel pits built during road construction in the early 1970's near Yakutat, Alaska, filled with water and were connected to nearby rivers to allow juvenile salmonids to enter. Seasonal changes in population size, length and weight, and length frequencies of the coho salmon population were evaluated over a 2-year period. Numbers of coho salmon fluctuated, but two of the ponds supported high populations, more than 2,000 fish, throughout the study. These ponds appeared to support coho salmon throughout the winter. The range of physical measurements of the ponds did not seem to account for...