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The paper previews a computer-aided design system, PLANS, that is useful for developing timber harvest and road network plans on large-scale topographic maps. Earlier planning techniques are reviewed, and the advantages are explained of using advanced planning systems like PLANS. There is a brief summary of the input, output, and function of each program in the PLANS program set. The set presently includes programs for harvest unit design for a variety of cable logging systems, road locations, visual analyses, yarding costs, and slope attributes and a method for producing the elevation...

PPSIM simulates yields of natural and managed ponderosa pine stands. Management practices and effects that can be simulated include commercial thinning, fertilization, genetic improvement, and presence of dwarf mistletoe. An option is available that adjusts growth to simulate local conditions. Equations used in PPSIM describe growth of natural stands, estimate the volume increment of thinned stands, and predict the amount and timing of mortality in natural stands. The Fortran IV program is available from the authors on request.

Results of five spacing trials on the University of British Columbia Research Forest, covering a range of plantation spacings from 1 to 5 meters, showed that choice of initial spacing is among the most important factors influencing bole and crown development and stand growth and yield. The trials include Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesi), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), and western redcedar (Thuja plicata). The results to date should help managers to choose optimum spacings for their purposes. Initial wide spacings with rectangularities up to 2:1, such as 6 by 3 meters, resulted in...

Experimental plantings of different genotypes of cottonwood were examined. The four clones tested were: a Populus hybrid (Dula, D-01), a P. trichocarpa x P. deltoides hybrid (Hybrid 11), and two native P. trichocarpa clones (Nisqually 1 and Orting 5). Establishment success and characteristics of hardwood cuttings or resulting plants that might be related to success were determined. Establishment success varied significantly (P < 0.01) among the four clones in the order, orting = dula > Hybrid 11 > Nisqually. Also, there was much variation among the clones in the relative proportion of...

Accounting for one of every six basic jobs, the forest products industry in Arkansas is the second largest component of the State's economic base. Furthermore, Arkansas is the most timber-dependent State in the South. Between 1970 and 1980, employment increased in the paper and allied products segment but decreased in the wood furniture and the lumber and wood products Segments. Arkansas was one of two Southern States that had a smaller share of the Nation's employment in the forest products industry in 1980 than in 1970. This trend resulted partially from a shakeout of the southern pine...

Snow depth and density were measured in 33 stands of western hemlock-Sitka spruce (Tsuga heterophylla [Rat] Sarg.-Picea sitchensis [Bong.] Carr.) over a 3-year period. The stands, near Juneau, Alaska, provided broad ranges of species composition, age, over-story canopy coverage, tree density, and wood volume. Stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that both overstory canopy coverage and gross wood volume were negatively related to snow depth in the forest, which was expressed as a proportion of the depth in a nearby open area. Multiple regression equations accounted for 53-79...

Recent quantification of engineering properties and index values of dominant soil types in the Alexander Archipelago, southeast Alaska, have revealed consistent diagnostic characteristics useful to evaluating landslide risk and subgrade material stability before timber harvesting and low-volume road construction. Shear strength data are summarized and grouped by Soil Conservation Service soil series, by the Unified Soil Classification system, and by geologic origin. Such groupings allow the selection of strength parameters for slope and subgrade stability analyses based on existing...

The microbial and chemical properties of log ponds along the Oregon coast were investigated. The log ponds were highly eutrophic, containing high concentrations of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, phosphate, and organic compounds. Because of large microbial populations, the biochemical oxygen demand was high and dissolved oxygen was low. Bacterial species in log ponds were relatively similar to those found in streams with rich nutrient content. Most of the fungi in log ponds were lymabiont and lymaphilous. Some fungal species reportedly associated with fish disease were present in log ponds...

Provides current information on lumber and plywood production and prices; employment in the forest industries: international trade in logs, lumber, and plywood; volume and average prices of stumpage sold by public agencies; and other related items.

Chemicals were applied once to the root collars of small-diameter ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) to prevent mortality caused by Armillaria obscura (Pers.) Herink Roll-Harisen (A. meilea sensu lato). After 10 years, none of the 15 treatments appeared to reduce mortality in treated trees vs. untreated trees. Diameter growth of surviving trees averaged 3.0 millimeters per year, and the spread rate of the fungus averaged 0.6 meter per year.