Treesearch

A survey of shelterwood cuttings in mixed conifer and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) forests in the Cascade Range in Washington showed that, on the average, shelterwood units were adequately-stocked with a mixture of advance, natural postharvest, and planted reproduction of a number of species. Shelterwood cuttings in the Douglas-fir type had abundant regeneration, whereas those in the mixed conifer type had generally adequate stocking but fewer seedlings. Much of the understocking appeared to be related to a nonuniform overstory, lack of advance reproduction, or high...

Bears are frequently encountered by people working in or enjoying the outdoors. Some government agencies have regulations concerning the firearms their personnel carry for protection against bears.Guidelines to prevent hazardous encounters with bears are presented, and the performance of commonly used weapons and ammunition is discussed. The ballistic performance of bullet at the longer ranges generally encountered while hunting. Recommendations are made for weapons and ammunition used as protection from bears.

This bibliography lists 661 references to world literature through Hay 1978 containing information about red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.). Included are publications about its taxonomy, biology and silvics, chemical and physical information about its wood and fiber, studies on its nitrogen fixing properties, and reports on industrial uses and economic considerations. Sources of cited publications are scientific journals, trade publications, special reports, and popular books. Abstracts or annotations are included for many references. Subject matter and author indexes are included.

Losses of trees and tree volume that result from decay initiated by mechanical injuries during stand management activities in the western United States are substantial. They can be reduced through improved logging methods and careful planning of other forest management activities.

Unusable tree and moss residues from land clearing projects in interior Alaska were collected, milled, dried, and densified into fuel logs. Four different combinations of species were tried, and all produced suitable fuels. The feasibility of commercially producing this material into densified fuel in interior Alaska is limited because the fuel logs tend to expand or decompress during winter storage in unheated buildings there.

The need for a way by which rangeland managers can account for wildlife in land-use planning, in on-the-ground management actions, and in preparation of environmental impact statements is discussed. Principles of range-land-wildlife interactions and management are described along with management systems. The Great Basin of southeastern Oregon was selected as a well-defined area for which to develop and display the rangeland-wildlife management principles. This paper introduces the 14-chapter series and outlines each briefly.

The study of plant communities provides useful information about the environment in which they occur. Communities are a product of long-term interaction between factors in the physical environment and the organisms present. Environmental factors such as temperature, moisture, light and nutrients act as selective influences on plant populations, favoring species best adapted to a particular type of site. While random chance and genetic adaptation within species are also important in the development of community composition and structure, research by Waring (1969) and Zobel et al. (1976) has...

Nocturnal calling surveys are the most effective and most frequently used technique for locating spotted owls. Roosts and general nest locations may be located during the day by calling in suspected roost or nest areas. Specific nest trees are located by: (1) baiting with a live mouse to induce owls to visit the nest, (2) calling in suspected nest areas to stimulate the female to call or fly from the nest, or (3) observing adults during prenesting displays. An effective technique for climbing large nest trees is to rig the tree with a climbing rope. Mechanical climbing aids are then used...

An approach is illustrated for computing expected costs of fire protection; fuel treatment; fire suppression; damage values; and percent of area lost to wildfire for a management or rotation cycle. Input is derived from Part 1, a method for collecting and classifying the total fuel complex, and Part 2, a method for appraising and rating probable fire behavior. This approach can be used locally for fire management and in land-management planning.

This paper presents an interactive computer program written in BASIC language that will calculate soil bulk density and moisture percentage by weight and volume. Coarse fragment weights are required. The program will also summarize the resulting data giving mean, standard deviation, and 95-percent confidence interval on one or more groupings of data.